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［9］European Central Bank, “The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey: Results from the First Wave,”Statistical Paper Series 2 (2013): quoted Table 1.2.
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［10］Colin Jones and Alan Murie,The Right to Buy(Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), quote pp. 178 and 179.
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［11］John Hills and Howard Glennerster, “Public Policy, Wealth, and Assets: A Complex and Inconsistent Story,” in Hills et al.,Wealth in the UK, 165-193, quote p. 187.
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［12］Regeneris Consulting and Oxford Economics, The Role of Housing in the Economy: A Final Report by Regeneris Consulting and Oxford Economics (Altrincham: Regeneris Consulting Ltd., 2010), quote pp. 8 and 71.
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［13］Office of Fair Trading，Defined Contribution Workplace Pension Market Study (London: Office of Fair Trading, 2013), OFT1505, quote p. 16 and Figure 6.2。该调查发现，合同和捆绑信托计划的（资产）平均费用率为0.71%。
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［14］As described by the UK Office for National Statistics: Karen Grovell and Daniel Wisniewski,Changes to the UK National Accounts: Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (London: Office for National Statistics, 2014), quote p. 2.
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［15］John Kay, Other People’s Money(New York: Public Affairs, 2015)。感谢John Kay允许我引用正式出版前版本中的内容。
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［16］Jan Pen，Income Distribution: Facts, Theories, Policies,Trevor S. Preston翻译（New York：Praeger，1971），p.50。如果财富分配是由总收入的累积份额所代表，那底层收入人群所占的份额就是负数。这表明，代表不同比例人群总收入累积份额的曲线（即洛伦兹曲线）最初是低于零的。这在评估财富不平等时尤其是一个问题，因为它会造成基尼系数的上升。如果有足够多的人拥有的是负资产，那基尼系数在理论上就可以超过100%。
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［17］Edward N. Wolff, “Recent Trends in Household Wealth in the United States: Rising Debt and the Middle-Class Squeeze—an Update to 2007,” Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, Working Paper 589 (2010)，Tables 1 and 2.
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［18］Jesse Bricker et al., “Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2010 to 2013: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances,”Federal Reserve Bulletin 100 (2014): 1-41, quote p. 3.
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［19］Bricker at al., quote p. 26.
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［20］Jean-Claude Juncker, A New Start for Europe: My Agenda for Jobs, Growth, Fairness and Democratic Change: Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission (Brussels: European Commission, 2014), quote p. 8.
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［21］International Monetary Fund (IMF),World Economic Outlook (WEO) April 2014: Recovery Strengthens, Remains Uneven. World Economic and Financial Surveys, quote p. 1.
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［22］Meade, Efficiency,Equality, quote p. 44.
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［23］在此我要感谢Robert J. Shiller, “The Invention of Inflation-Indexed Bonds in Early America,”NBER Working Paper 10183, December 2003。据他观察，很有可能还有更早的先例。
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［24］可到美国社保局网站“社保史”一栏下查看（http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/paine4.html）。
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［25］Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson, “English Workers’ Living Standards during the Industrial Revolution: A New Look,” Economic History Review, sec. ser. 36 (1983): 1-25,quoted Table 2.
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［26］Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott, The Stake-Holder Society (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
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［27］Cedric Sandford, Economics of Public Finance(Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1969);and Anthony B. Atkinson, Unequal Shares(London: Allen Lane, 1972), ch. 11.
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［28］Julian Le Grand, “Markets, Welfare and Equality,” in Julian Le Grand and Saul Estrin, eds.,Market Socialism(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989); and Julian Le Grand and David Nissan, A Capital Idea: Start-Up Grants for Young People(London: Fabian Society, 2000).
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［29］儿童津贴领取资格（2014）受到以下要求的限制：父母和孩子都得满足“在场和居住条件”；申请人需要满足“居住权调查”。
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［30］Julian Le Grand, “A Demogrant,” in Motivation, Agency and Public Policy(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 120-136.
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［31］President Dwight Eisenhower, State of the Union Message (January 1960).
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［32］John Hills, “Counting the Family Silver: The Public Sector’s Balance Sheet 1957 to 1987,” Fiscal Studies 10 (1989): 66-85.
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［33］See Samuel Wills, Rick van der Ploeg and Ton van den Bremer, “Norway is right to reassess its sovereign wealth fund” (VoxEU) http://www.voxeu.org/article/norway-right-reassess-its-sovereign-wealth-fund.
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