1704629240
［11］有关不平等和增长的文献综述，参见 Sarah Voitchovsky “Inequality and Economic Growth,” in Wiemer Salverda, Brian Nolan, and Timothy M. Smeeding, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009): 549-574.
1704629241
1704629242
［12］请注意，这不同于用购买力平价衡量的GDP增长，因为购买力平价转换率的变化本质上一种多边计算，不一定与国内通胀率相一致，对通胀率的衡量只利用全国性统计数字。参见 Anthony B. Atkinson, Eric Marlier, and Anne-Catherine Guio, “Monitoring the Evolution of Income Poverty and Real Incomes over Time,” Second Network for the Analysis of EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (Net-SILC2) Working Paper, 2015.
1704629243
1704629244
［13］中国可能因为发展迅速而高度不平等。
1704629245
1704629246
［14］Steven N.Durlauf, “Econometric Analysis and the Study of Economic Growth: A Skeptical Perspective,” in Roger Backhouse and Andrea Salanti, eds., Macroeconomics and the Real World, vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 249-262. 引文中的参考书目：Steven N. Durlauf and Danny T. Quah, “The New Empirics of Economic Growth,” in John B. Taylor and Michael Woodford, eds., Handbook of Macroeconomics (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1999): 235-308.
1704629247
1704629248
［15］Ostry, Berg, and Tsangarides, “Redistribution.”
1704629249
1704629250
［16］Ostry, Berg和 Tsangarides, “Redistribution,” quote p.17。本段最后一处引用来自第4页。
1704629251
1704629252
第10章 全球化是否会阻碍行动？
1704629253
1704629254
［1］“History of Globalization,” “Modern Globalization,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_globalization, downloaded 19 January 2015.
1704629255
1704629256
［2］See also Anthony B. Atkinson, “Globalization and the European Welfare State at the Opening and the Closing of the Twentieth Century,” in Henryk Kierzkowski, ed., Europe and Globalization (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002): 249-273.
1704629257
1704629258
［3］Isaac M.Rubinow, Social Insurance: With Special Reference to American Conditions (New York: Williams and Norgate, 1913), quote p. 26.
1704629259
1704629260
［4］MosesAbramovitz, “Welfare Quandaries and Productivity Concerns,” American Economic Review 71 (1981): 1-17, quote pp. 2-3.
1704629261
1704629262
［5］James M. Buchanan,“The Fiscal Crises in Welfare Democracies with Some Implications for Public Investment,” in Hirofumi Shibata and Toshihiro Ihori, eds., The Welfare State, Public Investment, and Growth (Berlin: Springer, 1998), 3-16, quote p. 4.
1704629263
1704629264
［6］Michel Camdessus, IMF Managing Director, as reported in The Observer, 21 September 1997.
1704629265
1704629266
［7］法国经济学家Jules Dupuit在1844年给出了非常清楚的解释：“如果把税从零逐渐提高到一个高得负担不起的点，那么税收收益最开始为零，然后一点一点地增加，直至达到一个最大值，随后逐渐降低，直至再次变为零。” (译自 Kenneth J. Arrow and Tibor Scitovsky, eds., Readings in Welfare Economics (London: Allen and Unwin, 1969), quote p. 278.
1704629267
1704629268
［8］Joe Minarik, “Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries,” Presentation to Meeting of Senior Budget Officials, 4-5 June 2009, OECD, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/governance/budgeting/42976288.pdf, slide 22.
1704629269
1704629270
［9］Paul Krugman, “Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession,” Foreign Affairs 74/2 (1994): 28-44, quote p. 44, and “Making Sense of the Competitiveness Debate,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 1996 (Autumn): 17-25, quote p. 24.
1704629271
1704629272
［10］Richard Tawney, Equality, 2nd rev. ed. (London: Unwin Books, 1931), quote p. 270.
1704629273
1704629274
［11］Migration Advisory Committee,Migrants in Low-Skilled Work: The Growth of EU and Non-EU Labour in Low-Skilled Jobs and Its Impact on the UK: Summary Report (London: Migration Advisory Committee, 2014). 引文来自第1页和第8页。
1704629275
1704629276
［12］Danny Dorling,“Overseas Property Buyers Are Not the Problem: Landlord Subsidies Are,” The Guardian, 10 February 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/feb/10/overseas-property-london-landlord-subsidies.See also Danny Dorling, All That Is Solid (London: Penguin, 2014).
1704629277
1704629278
［13］John Hilary,The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (Brussels: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2014), quote p. 6.
1704629279
1704629280
［14］我把这句引文归于 Leif J. Eliasson, “What Is at Stake in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership?” Saar Expert Papers 2/2014, http://jean-monnet-saar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/10_07_14_TTIP-Eliasson. pdf.
1704629281
1704629282
［15］Ranjit Lall, “Beyond Institutional Design: Explaining the Performance of International Organizations,” ms. in prep.
1704629283
1704629284
［16］OECD Press Release, 17 September 2014, and oral reply to questions.
1704629285
1704629286
［17］Pierre Gramegna, Press Conference at Ecofin Council, Brussels, 11 November 2014.
1704629287
1704629288
［18］Robert Marjolin, chair, “The Marjolin Report,” Report of the Study Group: Economic and Monetary Union 1980 (Brussels: European Commission, EMU-63, 1975), quote p. 34.
1704629289
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70462924e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]