打字猴:1.704787565e+09
1704787565
1704787566 (a) They hurried to their father’s rescue.(他们赶快去救父亲。)( Obj. Poss.)
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1704787568 (b) Thanks to their father’s rescue,they could return home safe.(幸获父亲援救,他们才能安然回家。)( Subj. Poss.)
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1704787570 (a) A monument is dedicated to his memory.(为纪念他而建立的石碑。)( Obj. Poss.)
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1704787572 (b) His memory is very bad.(他的记忆力很坏。)( Subj. Poss.)
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1704787574 用 of 的情形也是一样,如 a mother’s love of children(母爱)( Obj. Poss.);the love of Browning for Italy(英诗人白朗宁的爱意大利)( Subj. Poss.)。
1704787575
1704787576 这种属格一共有三种形态,即用名词+〔’s〕的,如 father’s rescue;用代名词的,如 his rescue;及用 of 的,如 the rescue of their father.可是这三种形态,并不完全相等,有时含义及用法都大有不同。大致说来,用代名词的多为主格作用,如:
1704787577
1704787578 His choice=the person or thing he has chosen.
1704787579
1704787580 His want=the want which he feels.
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1704787582 In my sight=where I can see.
1704787583
1704787584 用 of 的多为宾格作用,如:
1704787585
1704787586 The choice of him=the act of choosing him.
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1704787588 The want of him=the want which others feel of him.
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1704787590 At the sight of me=seeing me.
1704787591
1704787592 用名词与用代名词之间,有时也有很大的区别,尤其是用于宾格作用的时候,是不可以用名词的,只能用代名词或 of 两种办法。现在我们明白了,为什么质问中的句子,不能说 the prisoner’s execution,而一定要改为 the execution of the prisoner 的原因了吧。不用 of,而用代名词,说成 his execution 原是可以的,不过“他”是谁呢?要使读者或听者懂得“他”是谁,就非把 prisoner 一字说出不可,所以在这种情形之下,his execution 的表现法是用不着的。
1704787593
1704787594 现在再举两例来说明一下:
1704787595
1704787596 (a) He has never recovered her loss.( Obj. Poss.)
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1704787598 (b) She has never recovered her loss.( Subj. Poss.)
1704787599
1704787600 (a) The prisoner desired to see his wife before his execution.( Obj. Poss.)
1704787601
1704787602 (b) His execution of the task was admirable.( Subj. Poss.)
1704787603
1704787604 在上面两个主格作用的句子(b)当中,属格的用法是简单明了的,用不着多加说明。惟有宾格作用的用法值得注意。例如(a)句中的 her loss 及 his execution 是可以改为 the loss of his mother(失恃)及 the execution of the prisoner(将囚犯处死),但不能说 his mother’s loss 及 the prisoner’s execution.
1704787605
1704787606 所有格如果是用于宾格作用的话,惯用法是要用代名词,而不用名词的。对人如此,对物亦然。上例说,“失去他的母亲”而用 his mother’s loss,是宾格作用,所以不行,如果是主格作用,意为“他母亲的损失”,自然是可以说的了。我们不能说 the article’s use,但可以说 its use;我们不能说 a room’s length,但可以说 its length,例如:
1704787607
1704787608 If you deny my statement, I can produce witnesses to prove its truth.(如果你要否认我的陈述,我可以提出证据来证明它的真实。)
1704787609
1704787610 这种宾格作用常要发生误解,最好尽量少用,因为意义暧昧不明。至于主格作用与宾格作用,也是很难分辨的,例如美总统林肯的名言:government of the people,by the people and for the people,句中的 by the people,显然是主格作用,而 for the people,显然是宾格作用,但 of the people 就是二者皆可的。
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