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Say:
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用语言传达思想感情时就说 say,所以是有内容的,是有意义的。小孩子初期只能 speak,要到相当大的时候才能 say.在直接或间接引用句前后,普通都用 say,如:
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He said,“ I will go.”
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I won’t come,said William.
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与间接宾语同用时在 say 后要再加一个“to”字,如:
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He said something to me.
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不可把 say 用在作宾语或补语的不定词上,即不可说 They say him to be mad.但可以说成被动: He is said to be mad.(= It is said that he is mad.)祷告及功课说 say,如 to say prayers,to say one’s lesson.美国话中 say 有特殊的用法:
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The teacher says (=tells us)to come early.(老师要学生早点到校。)
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Tell:
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传言,告诉用 tell,不明说出所 speak 的事来,便不能用 tell,即不说 as I spoke to you yesterday,而要说 as I told you yesterday.说真话说假话都用 tell,即 to tell the truth 或 to tell a lie(不能说 to speak a lie)。说故事是 tell a story.报时间是 tell the time.看相算命卜未来也说 tell fortunes(算命的人为 fortune-teller)。现在我们不妨把以上三字作一比较:
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He tells everybody that a councilman often gets up to speak and says nothing.(他对大家说,议员常站起来说话而不知所云。)
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You say something,and you tell somebody something.(你说点什么,你对人说点什么。)
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She said the movie was good.(她说那电影好。)
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She told me the movie was good.(她告诉我那电影好。)
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现在再看看其余的字:
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Talk:谈话,座谈,继续的说话。例: We talked over a cup of tea.(我们喝茶谈话。)
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State:述说,详细地说出理由来。例: The advocate stated the facts.(律师申述各种事实。)
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Remark:一言,陈述意见。例: Allow me to remark.(让我说一句。)
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Relate:详述(比 tell 要正式的字眼)。例: The author saw it all happening so—saw it,and therefore relates it.(作家目击一切,看在眼里,所以能详述出来。)
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Narrate:讲故事(较文言的字,比 relate 更为正式)。例: I narrated briefly what had occurred since I had seen her last.—— Conan Doyle(我把最后一次见到她以来所发生的事简要地说了一遍。)
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Recount:详述(这是一个最 dignified 的字眼)。例: Her character has been sufficiently shown in recounting the events in which she took part.—— Creighton(她在详述他参加的事件时充分地表现出他的性格来了。)
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Converse:谈话(相当正式的字眼)。例: Two or three men,conversing earnestly together,ceased as he approached.—— Bret Harte(有两三个人正在热心地谈话,当他走过去,他们便停止了。)
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Gossip:喋喋,闲谈,街谈巷议。例: He had been trying to be light and flippant and gossiping about people.—— Anthony Hope(他正打算要很轻浮而毫不客气地来品评人们。)
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Chat:谈笑(无特别目的地愉快亲切的 talk)。例: Clara came along chatting and laughing with Colonel de Craye.—— G. Meredith(克雷娜走过来和狄克雷上校谈笑。)
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Chatter:喋喋不休,说话很快又讲个不停。例: Mrs. Titwing,why do you stay chattering there?—— Watts- Dunton(狄太太,你为什么要留在那里讲个不停呢?)
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