打字猴:1.70479082e+09
1704790820 普通用 even if (=though 或 although)的句中,前后都是用现在时态,如:
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1704790822 I’ll do it,even if it takes me all the afternoon.(即令要花上整个的下午,我还是照做。)
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1704790824 I’ll lend you the money,even if I have borrowed it myself.(那笔钱我一定借给你,即令我自己也要向人家去借来。)
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1704790826 Even if my watch is right,we shall be too late.(即令我的表不错,我们也赶不上。)
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1704790828 上举三例都是用的现在时,不过这种条件句用过去时也是很普遍的,例如:
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1704790830 I would not do it,if I were in his place.(如果我是他的话,我就不会那样做的。)
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1704790832 Even if I were rich I would work.(纵使我富有,我也要做事。)
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1704790834 以上所说的种种,都是一些基本规则,但文法是可以活用的,时常有变则发生,如质问中的例句就是一个变则,因此前后不能获得“时的一致”。据英文学者 Sweet 说,这种过去时与现在时连用,可称为 a Compulsive mood,是条件句的一种 pure mood,而英文辞典名编纂者 Fowler 说得更为明白:他说在普通的情形下,当然前后都用过去时,但如欲表示生动,条件句中就用现在时,例如:
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1704790836 I should not wonder if he came.(normal)
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1704790838 I should not wonder if he comes.(vivid)
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1704790840 如大家知道的,would 是 will 的过去,但有时也可用于现在,以表示客气,尤其是在请求句中说得客气些(in polite requests)不用 will you 而用 would you,当然是由于 uncertainty 而来的说法。我们不常说 Will you come here for a minute?而常说 Would you come here for a minute?是因为说 would 的可靠性比说 will 的要少,故显得客气,如果说成你非来不可的口气,那就成了命令,而不是请求了。在 Even if I know, I would not tell.(即令我知道,我也不一定要说。)一句中,用 would 比用 will 要来得弱,只表示纯然的假设罢了。如果说成 Even if I know (或 knew), I will not tell.(我就知道,我也不说。)就表示坚定的意志,来得更为现实而没有缓和的余地了。
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1704790845 英文疑难详解 [:1704787069]
1704790846 英文疑难详解 80.假设语气的用法
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1704790848 The Week Magazine 刊载 Doroth van Doren 的一篇文章中有句云: St. Francis of Assist,hoeing his garden,when asked what he would do if he were suddenly to learn that he was to die at sunset that day. He sad,“ I would finish hoeing my garden.”请问同在一句假设语气的文句中,为何前用 he were,后又用 he was 呢?又假设语气的文句,普通分前后句,其中动词时态的呼应,是否有一定的规矩?
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1704790850 【解答】句中代表假设语气( Subjunctive mood)的只有 were 一字,其后附属的子句,不应再用假设的字眼,所以只可以说 that he was to die(命定要死),或 that he would die(将死),而不能再用 that he were to die,为着时态的前后呼应起见,句中既用了假设过去的 were,后文也要用过去时态的动词才行。
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1704790852 假设语气的文句,普通由条件句( Protasis)及归结句( Apodosis)而构成,前后句中的动词,须前后呼应,不过这种呼应系由习惯语法所使然,并不一定过去接过去,现在接现在,未来接未来。兹就假设语气最常用的四种时态,举例说明如下:
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1704790854 假设现在( Subjunctive Prensent):条件句中的动词用 be 或其他动词的现在形,第三人称单数现在也不加语尾的〔s〕;归结句接(1)直陈语气( Indicative Mood)现在或(2)未来;又可接(3)命令语气( Imperative Mood).例如:
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1704790856 (1) If this be true, I am sorry for it.
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1704790858 (2) Though he confess, I will not pardon him.
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1704790860 (3) Whatever be our fate,let us not add guilt to our misfortunes.—— Goldsmith
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1704790862 假设未来( Subjunctive Future):条件句用 should be;归结句接(1)shall(或 will 等)be,(2)should (或 would 等)be,(3)命令语气,例如:
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1704790864 (1) If it should be true, I shall be very happy.
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1704790866 (2) If I should fail, I would try again.
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1704790868 (3) If he should come,please give this to him.
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