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If he should have finished his work,tell him to come at once.(他的工作如果做完了的话,你要他马上来。)
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又可用假设过去完成( Subjunctive Past Perfect)来表想像的事情,例如:
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1704790914
If you had come ten minutes later, I should have been out.(你要迟来十分钟,我就出去了。)
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1704790916
He looked as if he had seen a ghost.(他的样子好像碰了鬼一样。)
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说实际时候的未来,可用假设现在( Subjunctive Present)或假设未来( Subjunctive Future)来表怀疑或不确实的事情,例如:
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1704790920
If this be true, I am sorry for it.(如果这是真的,就太可惜了。)
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1704790922
If I should fail, I would try again.(如果我失败了,我要再来一次。)
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又可用迂回说法的假设未来( Periphrastic Subjunctive Future)来表想像的事情,例如:
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1704790926
If I were to ask him,he would consent.(我去找他,他就会同意的,不过我不愿意去找他罢了。)
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Even if the sun were to rise in the west,my resolution would be unchanged.(即令太阳从西边出来,我的决心也不会改变的。)
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英文疑难详解 82.完全他动词和不完全他动词
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“我想这是对的”一句话译成英文时为 I think it is right.但又可将 is 去掉,而说成 I think it right.这两种说法不知有何不同?
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【解答】 I think it is right.是一个复句( Complex Sentence),其中 I think 是主要子句,(that)it is right 是附属子句。主要子句中的动词 think 是一个完全他动词( Complete Transitive Verb),所以附属子句(that) it is right 是它的宾语( Object)。至于第二种说法 I think it right,是一个单句( Simple Sentence),其中的 think 是一个不完全他动词( Incomplete Transitive Verb),it 是它的宾语,right 是不完全他动词所必需的补语( Complement)。这种不完全他动词,英文有一个专门名称,叫作 Factitive Verb(作为动词),意思是说对它的宾语有所作为。例如:
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He made her his wife.(他使她做他的妻子。)这是用名词补语的,同时也是宾格补语(wife 与 her 为同一人),由作为动词的 made,对宾语的 her 发生作用,使之成为 his wife.
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He made her happy.(他使她快乐。)这是用形容词补语的,同时也是宾格补语(happy 的即是 her),由作为动词的 made,对宾语的 her 发生作用,使之快乐。
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现在再举几个完全他动词与不完全他动词的比较如下:
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Keep your eyes upon him.(完全)
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Keep your eyes open.(不完全)
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I will make a man of him.(完全)
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I will make him my companion.(不完全)
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1704790954
I make a custom of doing so.(完全)
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I make it a custom to do so.(不完全)
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I believe the untrue report.(完全)
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