打字猴:1.704790933e+09
1704790933 英文疑难详解 [:1704787071]
1704790934 英文疑难详解 82.完全他动词和不完全他动词
1704790935
1704790936 “我想这是对的”一句话译成英文时为 I think it is right.但又可将 is 去掉,而说成 I think it right.这两种说法不知有何不同?
1704790937
1704790938 【解答】 I think it is right.是一个复句( Complex Sentence),其中 I think 是主要子句,(that)it is right 是附属子句。主要子句中的动词 think 是一个完全他动词( Complete Transitive Verb),所以附属子句(that) it is right 是它的宾语( Object)。至于第二种说法 I think it right,是一个单句( Simple Sentence),其中的 think 是一个不完全他动词( Incomplete Transitive Verb),it 是它的宾语,right 是不完全他动词所必需的补语( Complement)。这种不完全他动词,英文有一个专门名称,叫作 Factitive Verb(作为动词),意思是说对它的宾语有所作为。例如:
1704790939
1704790940 He made her his wife.(他使她做他的妻子。)这是用名词补语的,同时也是宾格补语(wife 与 her 为同一人),由作为动词的 made,对宾语的 her 发生作用,使之成为 his wife.
1704790941
1704790942 He made her happy.(他使她快乐。)这是用形容词补语的,同时也是宾格补语(happy 的即是 her),由作为动词的 made,对宾语的 her 发生作用,使之快乐。
1704790943
1704790944 现在再举几个完全他动词与不完全他动词的比较如下:
1704790945
1704790946 Keep your eyes upon him.(完全)
1704790947
1704790948 Keep your eyes open.(不完全)
1704790949
1704790950 I will make a man of him.(完全)
1704790951
1704790952 I will make him my companion.(不完全)
1704790953
1704790954 I make a custom of doing so.(完全)
1704790955
1704790956 I make it a custom to do so.(不完全)
1704790957
1704790958 I believe the untrue report.(完全)
1704790959
1704790960 I believe the report untrue.(不完全)
1704790961
1704790962 Keep him company.(完全)
1704790963
1704790964 Keep him busy.(不完全)
1704790965
1704790966 They chose him a wife.(完全)
1704790967
1704790968 They chose him king.(不完全)
1704790969
1704790970 She will make him a good wife.(完全)
1704790971
1704790972 She will make him a good husband.(不完全)
1704790973
1704790974 在完全他动词 say 的造句中,可用各种不同的不完全他动词,如 call,express,describe 等来替代:
1704790975
1704790976 Everybody says that honey is sweet.(完全)
1704790977
1704790978 Everybody calls honey sweet.(不完全)
1704790979
1704790980 He said that the statement was false.(完全)
1704790981
1704790982 He declared the statement false.(不完全)
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