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如上例所示在 Reported Speech(转述的话)中,这个现在式的 need 可作过去式用,至于在问句或否定句中可以有这种用法,更不待言。
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Need he go yesterday?= Did he need to go yesterday?(在昨天他有去的必要吗?)
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He need not go yesterday.= He did not need to go yesterday.= He needed not to go yesterday.(他昨天没有去的必要。)
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He need not have any help from us yesterday.= He need have no help from us yesterday.= He did not need to have any help from us yesterday.= He needed not to have any help from us yesterday.= He needed to have no help from us yesterday.(昨天他不需要我们的任何帮助。)
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有些句子多少含有否定或疑问意味的,都适用上述的用法,如:
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He need only (或 but)have a little help from us yesterday.(他昨天只消我们稍予帮助就好了。)这句也可以说: He needed only (或 but)to have a little help from us yesterday.
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All he need do was to inquire.(他只消问一声。)
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She wanted me to tell her whether she need copy her composition again.(她要我告诉她看她的作文要不要重抄一遍。)
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I wondered if he need wait any longer.(我急想知道他是否有再等的必要。)
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不单是指过去,现在时也是一样,如: All he need do is to inquire 及 I wonder if he need wait any longer.等。不过这些句子中的 need 也可改为 needs to,正如上述过去时可改用 needed to 一样。
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这个加否定用的 need 后接不定词时,可译作“不必…才能…”或“也许不…而也能…”,如:
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You need not be (或 do not need to be)rich to help others.(你不必富有才能帮助别人;你也许不富有而也能帮助别人。)
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One need not be (或 does not need to be)a poet oneself to teach poetry.(教诗不一定要诗人。)
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英文疑难详解 99.dare 的用法
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英文的 dare 一字,可作正动词用,又可作助动词用,在下面的文句中到底是正动词呢,还是助动词? I have never dared speak to him.(我从来不敢对他说话。)I wonder how he dares say that.(他怎敢那样说呀?)请说明 dare 的用法。
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【解答】问题中的两个句子,dare 都是作正动词用的,在 speak 和 say 之前省略了不定词的“to”,当然我们把它说成 to speak 和 to say 也是可以的。英文有些动词,有略去后接的不定词的“to”的倾向,如 help wash the dishes (饭后帮忙洗碗),go buy a ticket(去买一张票)之类都是。
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作正动词用的 dare 有好些意思,例如:
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I dare you to jump over the stream.(我赌你敢跳过溪流去。)dare=challenge(挑战)
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He dared a leap.(他冒险地跳了。)dared=risked(冒险)
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I dared his anger and told him the truth.(我不顾他生气还是把事实告诉他了。)dared=defied(不顾)
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He dares to do everything.(他什么事都敢做。)dared=ventured(胆敢)
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We lay still,scarcely daring to breathe.(我们躺着不动,连大声出气都不敢。)daring=venturing(冒昧)
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He does not dare to tell us.(他不敢告诉我们。)does not dare=is afraid(不敢)
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