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但作助动词用的 dare 是第三人称单数现在不加“s”,后接没有“to”的不定词。助动词多用于问句或否定句,不过在问句或否定句中用正动词也是一样的。如:
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I dare not do it.(这个我不敢做。)
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He does not dare (to)answer.—— Palmer(他不敢回答。)
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Dare she do it?(她敢做这事吗?)
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动词 dare 的过去式,下面两种说法都可以用:
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She dared not tell (或 to tell) him.(她不敢告诉他。)
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She did not dare tell (或 to tell)him.
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助动词 dare 用在否定句中,现在式可代过去式用,例如:
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He could plan what another man dare not do,and he could do what another man dare not plan.—— Doyle(别人不敢做的他敢于来计划,别人未敢计划的,他也敢于来做。)
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现在的倾向是由用助动词改为用正动词了(见 H. E. Palmer 著的 A Grammer of Spoken English)。
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He daren’t speak.→ He doesn’t dare (to)speak.
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在 dare 后接的不定词,要将“to”略去,是古老的用法,如莎士比亚的文句中即有这种说法:
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I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none.(只要是适合一个人做的事情我都敢做,做那以外的事的就不是人。)
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作为一个助动词 dare 可加“s”或加“d”,也可不加,如 He dares go. He dared go. He dare go.它可用作现在式,也可用作过去式,如 He was afraid,and dare not go.
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说 Do you dare to…?常有“胆大妄为”的意思,说 Dare you…?常有“冒险”的意思,例如:
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Do you dare to tell such a lie?
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Dare you tell the sick old woman that she has only a few days to live?
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说 How dare you…?也是含有“胆大妄为”之意的:
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How dare you say such rude things about him?
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成语 I dare say 或写作 I daresay,意为“我以为”、“在我看来”、“大概”、“或者”( I am prepared to believe, I do not deny, I presume,perhaps,probably,maybe)在这成语后的子句通常略去连词 that,例如:
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You are right, I daresay.(=very likely 或 probably)
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I dare say (=probably)it is a mere lie.
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英文疑难详解 Ⅶ.准动词
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