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1704791922 英文疑难详解 [:1704787089]
1704791923 英文疑难详解 99.dare 的用法
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1704791925 英文的 dare 一字,可作正动词用,又可作助动词用,在下面的文句中到底是正动词呢,还是助动词? I have never dared speak to him.(我从来不敢对他说话。)I wonder how he dares say that.(他怎敢那样说呀?)请说明 dare 的用法。
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1704791927 【解答】问题中的两个句子,dare 都是作正动词用的,在 speak 和 say 之前省略了不定词的“to”,当然我们把它说成 to speak 和 to say 也是可以的。英文有些动词,有略去后接的不定词的“to”的倾向,如 help wash the dishes (饭后帮忙洗碗),go buy a ticket(去买一张票)之类都是。
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1704791929 作正动词用的 dare 有好些意思,例如:
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1704791931 I dare you to jump over the stream.(我赌你敢跳过溪流去。)dare=challenge(挑战)
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1704791933 He dared a leap.(他冒险地跳了。)dared=risked(冒险)
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1704791935 I dared his anger and told him the truth.(我不顾他生气还是把事实告诉他了。)dared=defied(不顾)
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1704791937 He dares to do everything.(他什么事都敢做。)dared=ventured(胆敢)
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1704791939 We lay still,scarcely daring to breathe.(我们躺着不动,连大声出气都不敢。)daring=venturing(冒昧)
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1704791941 He does not dare to tell us.(他不敢告诉我们。)does not dare=is afraid(不敢)
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1704791943 但作助动词用的 dare 是第三人称单数现在不加“s”,后接没有“to”的不定词。助动词多用于问句或否定句,不过在问句或否定句中用正动词也是一样的。如:
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1704791945 I dare not do it.(这个我不敢做。)
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1704791947 He does not dare (to)answer.—— Palmer(他不敢回答。)
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1704791949 Dare she do it?(她敢做这事吗?)
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1704791951 动词 dare 的过去式,下面两种说法都可以用:
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1704791953 She dared not tell (或 to tell) him.(她不敢告诉他。)
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1704791955 She did not dare tell (或 to tell)him.
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1704791957 助动词 dare 用在否定句中,现在式可代过去式用,例如:
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1704791959 He could plan what another man dare not do,and he could do what another man dare not plan.—— Doyle(别人不敢做的他敢于来计划,别人未敢计划的,他也敢于来做。)
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1704791961 现在的倾向是由用助动词改为用正动词了(见 H. E. Palmer 著的 A Grammer of Spoken English)。
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1704791963 He daren’t speak.→ He doesn’t dare (to)speak.
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1704791965 在 dare 后接的不定词,要将“to”略去,是古老的用法,如莎士比亚的文句中即有这种说法:
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1704791967 I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none.(只要是适合一个人做的事情我都敢做,做那以外的事的就不是人。)
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1704791969 作为一个助动词 dare 可加“s”或加“d”,也可不加,如 He dares go. He dared go. He dare go.它可用作现在式,也可用作过去式,如 He was afraid,and dare not go.
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