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质问中提出的英文翻译,照写作时可改正为:
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The war being over, I went abroad.
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依说话方式,则可改正为:
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After the war was over, I went abroad.
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凡是分词的意味上的主语( Sense- Subject)和主句中文法上的主语( Grammatical Subject)不一致时,就须采用这种独立分词的表现法,使整个的附句变成副词( Sentence- Adverb),来修饰主句(是修饰整句,不是修饰一个动词)。这个意味上的主语又称独立主格( Nominative Absolute)。
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英文疑难详解 104.“be+不定词”的用法
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“我将要去。”一语,可译作 I shall go.或 I am going.或 I am to go.等形式,不知有何分别?尤其是“be+不定词”的用法,请详为说明。
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【解答】表示未来时态的,说 I shall go.是基本的形式,但现在美国几乎是用 I am going 来代替 shall 以表未来了,如果要说“去”时,他们便说 I am going to go.可见 going 一字已失去了“去”的意义,而只是表示未来罢了。至于“be+不定词”是不定词的叙述用法,好像形容词一样。英文的这种表现法,有种种不同的意味,分别举例说明如下:
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(1)表预定:
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We are to go to town this afternoon.(我们打算今天下午上街去。)
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He is to arrive at seven in the morning.(他预定早晨七时抵埠。)
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The meeting is to be held on Sunday.(定了礼拜天开会。)
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We are to meet again on Sunday evening.(我们礼拜天晚上再见。)
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(2)表可能:
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Not a sound was to be heard.(一点声音都未听到。)
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In the sky not a cloud was to be seen.(青天无片云。)
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Every misfortune is to be subdued by patience.(一切不幸都可由忍耐克服。)
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Her feelings as she read the letter were scarcely to be defined.(她看信时的心情不可名状。)
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The twins are to be distinguished by their voices.(双生子可以由他们的声音辨别出来。)
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“ I am all astonishment. How long has she been such a favourite?——and pray,when am I to wish you joy?”—— Jane Austen(“我真个吓倒了。她被你看中有多久了?请你告诉我,什么时候我可以庆贺你们的订婚呢?”)
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(3)表义务:
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You are to post this letter at once.(你马上去把这封信发了。)
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She asked him what she was to do.(她问他看她要做点什么。)
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