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(a)省去 in 的:
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We made much better time going east (=in going east)than we had made going west.—— Day: Life with Father(我们向东去比我们原来的西行走得更快。)make time=go fast.
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…the arched and overhanging rigging,where they had just been engaged securing (=engaged in securing)a spar…—— Melville: Moby Dick(拱形地悬在上面的船的缆索,他们刚在那儿装好了一根帆桅。)
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(b)省去 by 的:
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Most people just ruin scissors trying (=by trying)to sharpen’em.—— Steinbeck: The Chrysanthemums(大多数的人想要把剪刀磨快,结果都磨坏了。)
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He started in stealing (=by stealing)sheep and horses and ended up robbing (=by robbing)stages.—— Steinbeck: The Pastures of Heaven(他开始是偷羊偷马,最后就去偷驿马车了。)
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(c)省去 with 的:
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When he was through talking (=through with talking)he got up and went to his own desk.—— Saroyan: The Human Comedy(当他讲完了,他就站起身来,走向他自己的书桌去了。)句中的 through 是副词,不是介词,he was through(他做完了)加现在分词的 talking 为原有的造句,如改为 he was through with talking,则 talking 当然变成一个动名词了。
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When we had got through eating (=got through with eating)we would go look at our two horses.—— Anderson: The Man Who Became a Woman(等我们吃完了饭,我们就要去看我们那两匹马。)get through=finish (vi.);get through with=finish (vt.).
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Will you never be done getting(=be done with getting)me into trouble.—— L. M. Montgomery: Anne of Avonlea(你决不要把我卷入漩涡。)be done=finish (vi.);be done with=finish (vt.)
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(d)省去 of 的:
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What’s the use talking (=of talking)?—— Anderson: Poor White(空谈有什么用?)
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What’s the good bragging (of bragging)?—— Ibid(瞎吹有什么用?)
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(2)代替不定词而用的分词:
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(a)美国话常爱用现在分词来代替表示目的的不定词,主要是用在动词 go 和 come 的后面,用在其他动词后面当然也行:
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Don’t go over there doing (=to do)anything like that.—— Caldwell: Country Full of Swedes(不要到那边去做任何那一类的事。)
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Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling (=to fool)around there no more.—— Faulkner: Soldier’s Pay(巴匹跑出到大门口去,叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。)
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Don’t bother answering (=to answer)this.—— J. G. Huneker(不必麻烦回信。)
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(b)美国话的 get talking 及 get starting 等也用以代替 get to talk 及 get to start 而流行着。这个 get+-ing 的形式还可以应用到别的动词上:
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We got talking about a matter just before I left.—— Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham(在我要离开的时候,我们曾谈论到一件事。)
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I’ve got them all talking about noses,haven’t I?—— Saroyan: The Human Comedy(我使得他们都在谈论鼻子。)
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Come on and get going.—— Caldwell: Big Buck(来开始吧。)
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If I get lying awake tonight, I shan’t.—— De Morgan: Joseph Vance(今晚我睡不着觉的话,我就不去。)
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(c)此外,不定词用以修饰其前之名词时,也可用现在分词:
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You got no call foolin’ (to fool)around.—— Steinbeck: Of Mice and Men(你无权在此游荡。)
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