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1918年4月3日美国众议院( House of Representatives)曾经采用了 Page 的说法,可见这是美国一般人所接受的对于 of the people 一语的解释。
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林肯在1861年7月4日对国会致词( Lincoln’s Message to Congress in Special Session)时说:
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And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man the question whether a constitutional republic or democracy——a Government of the people by the same people——can or cannot maintain its territorial integrity against its own domestic foe.
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可见林肯本人对 democracy 所下的定义是“a Government of the people by the same people”,即是“一个人民自治的民主国”,人民是主,同时也是宾,以 by 表“主”,以 of 表“宾”,是毫无疑义的。林肯故意还加上一个 same 的字眼,以表示同一人民。
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由以上各种文献看来,林肯说的 of the people 一语,还是应该解释为宾格作用才对。这也很合理,因为人民本身不能统治人民,实际统治人民的,是人民选举出来的几个代表呢。
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英文疑难详解 127.dependent on 和 independent of
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英文的形容词或动词,无论怎样变化,后面接用的介词,多是固定不变的,但有些肯定字与否定字后面接的介词常有不同,如 dependent on anyone 和 independent of anyone,不知有此变化的,还有些别的什么字,请举例句说明。
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【解答】介词的用法是变幻莫测的,只能一字一字地加以记忆,实无通则可循。例如 full of 和 rich in;to teach anything to anyone 和 to instruct anyone in anything 之类,都是有一定的,不能任意改变;有些肯定字后面接的介词和同义的否定字后面接的介词,确有不同,现举若干例句如下,以资比较研究:
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fruitful——in anything
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fruitless——of anything
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China is fruitful in natural resources.(中国富于天然资源。)
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This is an enterprise fruitless of profit.(这是一种没有利益的事业。)
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to persuade——of anything
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to dissuade——from anything
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I am almost persuaded of his honesty.(我几乎相信他是诚实的。)
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They dissuaded him from going.(他们劝阻他不要前往。)
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sensible——of kindness
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insensible——to kindness
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He was sensible of your kindness.(他深为感谢你的好意。)
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Mars is never insensible to the glance of beauty.(英雄好色。)
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a liking——for something
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a dislike——to something
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I have no particular liking for chocolate.(我并不特别爱吃巧克力糖。)
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