打字猴:1.704793533e+09
1704793533
1704793534 He was killed by lightning.(他为雷电殛死。)
1704793535
1704793536 The building was destroyed by fire.(那房子为火烧毁。)
1704793537
1704793538 以上也可以说是“理由”,即因雷殛而死,因火而烧毁,不必一定看作某种被动的行为。质问中的 The room was lighted by electricity.(房间由电照明。)也可以视为房间大放光明的理由,至于 The room was lighted by electric light 一句,就应改成 The room was lighted with electric light.(房间用电灯照明。)因为电灯显然的是工具呢。他例如:
1704793539
1704793540 His clothes were soiled with mud.(衣服满是泥。)
1704793541
1704793542 The bird was killed with a stone.(用石头杀鸟。)
1704793543
1704793544 The palace is surrounded with a moat.(皇宫有御沟环绕。)
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1704793548
1704793549 英文疑难详解 [:1704787122]
1704793550 英文疑难详解 129.Money cannot buy happiness 的被动语态
1704793551
1704793552 Money cannot buy happiness.一语,改为被动语态时,说 Happiness cannot be bought by money.为何不对?
1704793553
1704793554 【解答】“金钱不能买到幸福。”一句话,原是拟人化(personification)的说法,我们只消仔细想一下,便会觉得这句话意思是不完全的,完全的说法应该是:“我们不能用金钱买到幸福。”( We cannot buy happiness with money.)再把这句英文变成被动语态时,便是 Happiness cannot be bought with money.质问中说的 by money,当然是错的。
1704793555
1704793556 在被动语态中所用的介词,主要有 by 和 with 两个,by 用于行为者或行为的主体( Active Agent),with 用于工具( Passive Instrument)。用于工具的动词,主动的形式或被动的形式都可以,如:
1704793557
1704793558 His enemy killed him with a sword.(他的敌人用剑杀死了他。)(主动的形式)
1704793559
1704793560 He was killed with a sword.(他死于剑下〔即被剑刺死〕。)(被动的形式)
1704793561
1704793562 行动的主体一般是人,但也有人以外的事物的,例如:
1704793563
1704793564 The steam-engine was invented by James Watt.= James Watt invented the steam-engine.(蒸汽机是瓦特发明的。)
1704793565
1704793566 The city was destroyed by an earthquake.= An earthquake destroyed the city.(城市毁于地震。)
1704793567
1704793568 在行动的主体用 by 的原则下,却有一些例外,这是因动词(或形容词)的不同而来的:
1704793569
1704793570 He is known to everybody.= Everybody knows him.(大家都认识他。)
1704793571
1704793572 He was seized with an illness.(他生病了。)
1704793573
1704793574 The house was surrounded with trees.(房子周围都是树木。)
1704793575
1704793576 Her eyes were filled with tears.(她眼中充满泪水。)
1704793577
1704793578 He was greatly interested in this work.(他对这工具大感兴趣。)
1704793579
1704793580 He was devoured of a long dragon.—— Bacon(他被一条长龙吞噬。)(古文)
1704793581
1704793582 He was seen of all the apostles.(他被所有的门徒见到。)(古文)
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