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He was killed by lightning.（他为雷电殛死。）
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The building was destroyed by fire.（那房子为火烧毁。）
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以上也可以说是“理由”，即因雷殛而死，因火而烧毁，不必一定看作某种被动的行为。质问中的 The room was lighted by electricity.（房间由电照明。）也可以视为房间大放光明的理由，至于 The room was lighted by electric light 一句，就应改成 The room was lighted with electric light.（房间用电灯照明。）因为电灯显然的是工具呢。他例如：
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His clothes were soiled with mud.（衣服满是泥。）
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The bird was killed with a stone.（用石头杀鸟。）
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The palace is surrounded with a moat.（皇宫有御沟环绕。）
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英文疑难详解 129．Money cannot buy happiness 的被动语态
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Money cannot buy happiness.一语，改为被动语态时，说 Happiness cannot be bought by money.为何不对？
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【解答】“金钱不能买到幸福。”一句话，原是拟人化（personification）的说法，我们只消仔细想一下，便会觉得这句话意思是不完全的，完全的说法应该是：“我们不能用金钱买到幸福。”（ We cannot buy happiness with money.）再把这句英文变成被动语态时，便是 Happiness cannot be bought with money.质问中说的 by money，当然是错的。
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在被动语态中所用的介词，主要有 by 和 with 两个，by 用于行为者或行为的主体（ Active Agent），with 用于工具（ Passive Instrument）。用于工具的动词，主动的形式或被动的形式都可以，如：
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His enemy killed him with a sword.（他的敌人用剑杀死了他。）（主动的形式）
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He was killed with a sword.（他死于剑下〔即被剑刺死〕。）（被动的形式）
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行动的主体一般是人，但也有人以外的事物的，例如：
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The steam-engine was invented by James Watt.= James Watt invented the steam-engine.（蒸汽机是瓦特发明的。）
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The city was destroyed by an earthquake.= An earthquake destroyed the city.（城市毁于地震。）
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在行动的主体用 by 的原则下，却有一些例外，这是因动词（或形容词）的不同而来的：
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He is known to everybody.= Everybody knows him.（大家都认识他。）
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He was seized with an illness.（他生病了。）
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The house was surrounded with trees.（房子周围都是树木。）
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Her eyes were filled with tears.（她眼中充满泪水。）
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He was greatly interested in this work.（他对这工具大感兴趣。）
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He was devoured of a long dragon.—— Bacon（他被一条长龙吞噬。）（古文）
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He was seen of all the apostles.（他被所有的门徒见到。）（古文）
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