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Did he say so? It is very kind of him to say so.(他这样说过吗?他这样说是很亲切的。)(这 him 也是表示行为的主体的,即 He is kind.)
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现就 by 和 with 加以比较如下:
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The house was destroyed by fire.= Fire destroyed the house.(屋子被火烧掉了。)(句中 fire 是行为的主体。)
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The house was destroyed with fire.= They destroyed the house with fire.(他们用火烧掉屋子。)(句中 fire 是工具。)
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英文疑难详解 130.作“用做”解的 as 与 for
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“这种材料可用来做地毯。”翻译为英文时,既可说 This material can be used for a rug.也可说 This material can be used as a rug.不知介词 as 和 for,在这种意义下的用法,有何不同?
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【解答】作“充任”、“担任”、“当作”、“用做”(in the character or capacity of)解的 as 和 for,并不都是可以通用的,除质问中的例句外,他如:
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The room serves as (或 for) an office.(这房间现用做事务所。)
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They chose him as (或 for) their leader.(他们选他为领袖。)
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It was built for (或 as) a pleasure boat.(这船造作游艇之用。)
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等句,是可以通用的,但下列各句便不可更换:
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He worked as an interpreter.(他担任通译。)
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The actor who appeared as Romeo was his good friend.(扮演罗密欧的演员,是他的好朋友。)
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She was respected as a teacher.(作为一名教师,她受人尊敬。)
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He wants a position as teacher of English.(他求一英文教师的职位。)
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注意:as 后的名词若为官职或职位等,则不用冠词,他例如:
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Who will act as go-between?(谁做媒。)
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He has relinquished his position as manager.(他放弃了经理的位置。)但:
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As a teacher of English,he has no equal.(作为一个英文教员,无人能及。)
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He lives as a saint. (他洁身自好,有如圣徒。)
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As (= When) a boy, he used to dream about the possibility of flying.(幼小时他常梦见他飞行空中的可能性。)
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They were sold for slaves.(他们被当作奴隶出卖。)
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She won’t do for a teacher.(她做教师不行。)
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