打字猴:1.704793957e+09
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1704793958 I refused to believe the evil rumour.(我决不相信那种恶意的谣言。)
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1704793960 I refused to believe in the evil rumour.(同上)
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1704793965 英文疑难详解 [:1704787131]
1704793966 英文疑难详解 138.介词的省略
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1704793968 “我来这儿有五年了。”译成英文时为 I have been here for five years.但又常有人说 I have been here five years.将介词略去的和保留的,两种句子不知有何不同?又什么介词可以略去,什么介词不能略去,请举例说明。
1704793969
1704793970 【解答】 A. S. Hornby 在 Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary 上介词 for 第一条有关空间时间的解释项下说:在 for the past six weeks,for the next three hours, for more than four years 等句中的 for 常被略去。又说 I haven’t been there for five years.一句话,如果作 It is five years since I was there last.(从我上次到那儿去过以来已经五年了。)解时,则 for 不可略去,但如果表示为时没有五年,也许只有四年或三年,就可以把 for 略去,而说成 I haven’t been there five years.
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1704793972 至于说到什么介词可略,什么介词不能省略,也是有规则可循的。大体说来,总以不伤害词意为原则,所以凡事多少带点形式化,而音价又低的介词可以省略。在单纯介词中,常被略去的是用得最多的 at,in,of,on,to 等字。在这一类介词中,如 after 和 till 等,表示比较重要的意义,如省略时难免不引起误解,所以就保留了。此外,如 about 及 against 等复合介词,如 concerning,during,past,except 派生介词,以为加强语气而用的集群介词等,是绝对不能省略的。
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1704793974 此外由于省略介词,单留下一个名词作副词用,造成所谓副词的宾格( Adverbial Accusative),也是常见的,如(at) any moment, (at the) same time, (at) full length, (on) Sunday 等。从美国名作家中,这种例子,俯拾皆是:
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1704793976 It was quite light and any moment now the sun would rise.—— Hemingway(已经很亮了,太阳马上就要出来。)
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1704793978 But same time, Ted, you know how advertisers exaggerate.—— S. Lewis(但同时,泰德,你知道广告家是多么夸大的。)
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1704793980 They had butched their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks.—— Hemingway(他已把那些小马林鱼剖了,整条的平放在两块木板上。)
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1704793982 I’ll go any place any time you wish.—— Hemingway(你随时想到什么地方去我都去呀。)
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1704793984 I’ll be extra nice to Nelly at the picnic Sunday.—— S. Lewis(礼拜天去野餐对芮利我会特别乖的。)
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1704793986 还有一种所谓副词的属格( Adverbial Genitive),也是由于省略介词而来的。例如不说 at night,而说成 nights,与 always,sometimes 同一源流,在英国要在带点古文气味的文章中才有,在美国却广泛地被采用着。这种语法是表示时的反复(repeated time),即说明次数之多。它大概就是古代表示副词属格的“ S”,在今日便成为复数的符号了。有时在 night 后再加上一句 every night,无非是加强意思罢了。
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1704793988 He wanted to work nights, every night.—— S. Lewis(他要晚晚工作,每晚都要。)
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1704793990 I’d study nights and I’d work as a waitress in the daytime.—— Steinbeck(我要晚上读书,白天就去做女招待。)
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1704793992 Daytimes we paddled all over the island in the canoe.—— Mark Twain(白天我们总是坐着独木舟环岛到处划船。)
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1704793994 He gets mad, if you’re ten minutes late, mornings.—— E. Rice(如果你早上迟来十分钟,他就要发狂了。)
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1704793996 Evenings she went with her husband to the motion pictures.—— S. Lewis(晚上她总是跟她丈夫一道去看电影。)
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1704793998 I went over there afternoons.—— Hemingway (每天下午我都到那里去。)
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1704794000 Let’s go out and go places.—— T. Wilder(我们出去吧,到一些地方去玩。)
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1704794002 Don’t you worry about long times.—— Steinbeck(不要老是忧虑。)
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