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(5)“ I think the angels are not at all in heaven,” Mr. Esmond said.—— Thackeray
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Oh, she thinks there’s nothing like Rome.—— Henry James
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I think Blanche didn’t just love him but worshipped the ground he walked on!—— Tennessee Williams
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I think I’m just not smart enough to make any sense out of it for you.—— Arthur Miller
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(9)“ You think she’s not much like you?” Gerald asked.—— D. H. Lawrence
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But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.—— Aldous Huxley
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I should think you never have seen many…—— D. H. Lawrence
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I thought you wouldn’t stand that…—— Galsworthy
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I thought we mightn’t get here.—— Greene
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I thought you didn’t want to hear, my dear.—— Dickens
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I thought that my Lord Castlewood had no brother.—— Thackeray
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I thought it explained nothing.—— Maugham
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上举例句(1)中的 I think 是插入句,可看作与其他部分无关。(2)~(5)由于 cannot help -ing, ought not, need not, not at all 等成语的集团(colony)力量,而把 I think 隔离了。(6)成语 There’s nothing like Rome.(与 home 同音的关系而套用的),故不便拆散。(7)~(10)因 not just…but, just not…enough, not much, not quite 等以 not 为核心的副词片语的影响,也不便把否定拿到 think 的前面去。可见到此为止的(1)至(10)各例句,都是不能换成 I don’t think 那种形式的,即能换写也写不出漂亮的句子来。
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问题是(11)~(16)各句,这些句子原是可以换写成 I don’t think 形式的,不过或因句中(a)含有 no, never, nothing,nobody 等的不定字,或因(b)用了过去动词的 thought,所以都不合乎 I don’t think 的 pattern.
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英文疑难详解 157.had better, would better; had rather, would rather
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英文中有 had better, would better; had rather, would rather 的说法,不知有何不同,请细为辨别详加解释。
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【解答】had better,had rather,意为“最好…”,或“还是…的好”,用于劝解或间接命令,而 had rather,would rather 则用以表示偏爱、嗜好。例如:
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You had better go home at once.(你最好马上回家去。)
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I would rather eat than dance.(我宁吃不舞。)
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这都是英文的惯用语,后面接用无 to 的不定词。
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Krapp 认为 would better 是不正确的(incorrect),因为把 You had better 省略为 You’d better 时,世人不察,以为 You’d 是 You would 之略,故产生 would better 的说法。其实任何一国的语言中,都有以讹传讹的惯用字句,只要用惯了,不通的也通了。美国人更干脆,索性说成 You better,不管它 had 也好,would 也好,一笔钩消,痛快是痛快,只可惜对于文法更讲不通了。
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至于 had rather 和 would rather,到底哪一个形式是正确的,就更难说了,通例都是说 I’d rather,正好像人们不知道应该是说 I shall 或 I will 的时候就说 I’ll 一样,根本说的省字,被看作 had 既可以,被看作 would 也可以,所以 Mc Mordie 认为孰是孰非,莫衷一是。 Krapp 则认为常用 had rather 取代 would rather,也是主张 had 为正的。 Abbott 和 Bain 等人,确认 had better,had rather 是几百年来许多大作家都用了的惯用句。有人比 Krapp 更激烈,认为 I would better go.是绝对不合文法的(positively ungrammatical)。因为 had better=would find it wiser (或 better) to.所以 You had better go home.就被说成 You would (find it) better (to) go home.了,是由假定说法而使得 had 变成 would 的。大家都说 had better 的形成比 would better 要更受欢迎(preferable),对于第一人称尤其不喜欢(undesirable)用 would better。现举几个例子来看:
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You had better go. (= You would do better to go.)
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