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I had best start for home.
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又 had better 还有一种过去形,不过不大用。例如: You had better do it.的过去形,即是 You had better have done it.而 It had better be done.的过去形,即是 It had better have been done. 在 Crowell 的 Dictionary of English Grammar 中举有 You had better stayed here (= You would have done better to stay here).一例,其实那是应该视为 It would have been better (for you), if you had stayed here.——一个条件句的省略说法。英国诗人 Tennyson 的诗句: Hadst thou been braver, I had better braved all.中的 I had better have braved all.也属于这一类。据 Modern English Usage 的著者 Fowler 说,这种过去形当中的 have(即 had better have done 及 had better have been done)是不可以省略的,可是英美人却常要犯这种错误。为什么不能省呢?例如 would have taken.被省为 would taken 一样,其理自明,毋庸多说。
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再看下例更可证明 would rather 或 had better 后接的过去动词是另一个条件句的省略的说法:
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Unfortunately, many a foreigner gets the distinct impression that the U. S. would rather he stayed home.(不幸的是许多外国人都得到一个明确的印象:美国并不怎样欢迎他们去观光。)
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这是1960年12月19日美国出版的 Time 上的句子,句中用了 would rather he stayed home 的字样,即是一反平常在 would rather 后接原形动词,如 I would rather stay home.的说法,其实这只是条件句的省略,这个 stayed 即等于说 if he stayed home.他例如:
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I would rather I went.(我宁去。)
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这种假设语气也可以用在现在动词的后面,如:
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It’s time I went.(我要走了。)
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在 had better 或 had best 的后面,现代英文规定要接没有 to 的不定词,但在 Older English 中这个不定词的 to 还保存着,例如 Richardson 就写过这样的句子:
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—— He knew not whether he had best to run or to stand his ground.
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但现代英文是不可以把不定词的 to 保留的。
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英文疑难详解 158.美国语中 the way 的用法
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美国话中常见有 the way 的用法,例如: It was pitiful the way he kept complaining to his wife. 不知应如何译法?
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【解答】way 的意义由“道路”引申而为“方法”,如:
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the way she spoke hurt me.(她说话的方式伤害了我。)
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the way I know.(用我所知道的方法。)
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在 the way 之前省略了一个 in 字。在美国口语里说的 the way 多少受了一些爱尔兰语的影响,所以跟英文原来的用法又有些不同了。美国话用 the way 来引导出一个副词子句时,便有 as(有如)或 according as(依照)的意思,例如:
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I don’t see how he can act the way he does.(我不懂得他怎样能够那样做的。)(the way=as)
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It was fated I should meet you the way I did this evening.—— A. Christie Poirot Investigates(像今晚这样我和你的相遇,都是命中注定的呀。)(the way=as)
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I been thinking about them for years, the way a kid thinks of vocation.—— Long Valley(我对于那些东西,像小孩子想望假期一样想望了好多年了。)(the way=as)
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此外 the way 还可以作 how(怎样),how much(多么),since(因为)等等意思来用,例如:
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The way you pronounced her name. And the way you looked.—— Love Letters(你怎样叫她的名字的,以及你那一副眼色。)(the way=how)
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质问中的句子亦复如此: It was pitiful the way he kept complaining to his wife.(可怜他不断地向他太太抱怨。)(the way=how)
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