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英文疑难详解 175.worth 和 worthy
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英文的 worth 和 worthy 二字,同为形容词,意义又同是“值得的”,不知在用法上有何分别?
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【解答】英文的形容词大别为两类,一类叫作 predicative adjective(叙述用法),另一类叫作 attributive adjective(限定用法)。大部分的形容词是兼两种用法的,如 old 便是(例如说 He is old 是叙述用法,说 He is an old man.是限定用法),但有某些形容词是只限于一种用法的,如 afraid 则限于叙述用法,我们只能说 He is afraid.不能说 He is an afraid man.质问中的 worth 与 worthy 两个形容词用法上最大的分别即在此。现分别例解如下:
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(1) Worth 为叙述形容词,后可接用宾语( Object).
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①意为“值得”:
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His words are worth notice.(他的话值得注意。)
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The game is not worth the candle.(值不得去做。)
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A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.(多得不如现得。)
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②意为“可值(若干)”:
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I paid five dollars for this picture, but it’s worth more.(我花五元买的这幅画,但它值更多的钱。)
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It is not worth a cent.(不值一文。)
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③意为“有价值多少的财产”:
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He is worth a million dollars.(百万富翁。)
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He died worth millions.(他留下几百万的财产死了。)
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④常下接动名词用:
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This book is worth reading.(这书值得一读。)(reading 意味上的宾语为本句主语的 book)
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New York is a city worth visiting.(纽约值得一游。)(visiting 意味上的宾语为 a city)
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Life wouldn’t be worth living without friendship.(没有友谊人生是不值得过活的。)(living 意味上的宾语为本句主语的 life)
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Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.(凡是值得做的事,就值得做好。)
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⑤偶然也有下接不定词用的时候:
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It is as much as my place is worth to let him see it.(让他看见了,我的饭碗就靠不住了。)
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⑥后面又可接用 while,one’s while,while+动名词:
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Do something worth while.(做点有用的事。)
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He will make it worth your while.(他会使之不至浪费你的劳力的。)
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It is worth while seeing the museum.(那博物院有看的价值。)
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