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英文疑难详解 195.all Greek to me
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英文成语有 It is all Greek to me,字典上解释为“不懂”或“不解”,查希腊为文化古国,文哲名作甚多,未尝不能理解,为何在此成语中将希腊文视为难解的事物呢?
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【解答】提到这句成语,就使我想到莎士比亚的名句:
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Cassius: Did Cicero say any thing?
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Casca: Ay, he spoke Greek.
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Cassius: To what effect?
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Casca: Nay, an (=if) I tell you that, I’ll ne’er look you i’ (=in) the face again: but those that understood him smiled at one another and shook their heads; but, for mine own part, it was Greek to me.
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—— Shakespeare: Julius Caesar, I.ii,281ff
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凯:西塞罗说过些什么?
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开:嗯,他说的是希腊话。
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凯:怎么说的?
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开:嗳哟,要是我把那些话告诉了您,那我以后再也不好意思看见您啦;可是那些听得懂他话的人,都互相瞧着笑笑,摇摇他们的头;至于讲到我自己,那我可一点都不懂。
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——(朱生豪译)
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莎士比亚是1564年生,1616年死的,据《牛津大辞典》所载,英文使用这 It is Greek to me 这句成语,最早发现的例子,是在1600年,莎士比亚正是那个时候的人,说不定就是从他创始的。 B. Jonson 在他写的 To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author Mr. William Shakespeare 中,就说到莎士比亚只懂得一点点拉丁文,希腊文更是一窍不通。所以希腊文对他确是不能理解而一无所知的。(quite incomprehensible or unintelligible to him.)他用这句话是很恰当的。从前英国人对拉丁文虽未尝间断地一直在用,可是对希腊文到中世纪时就中断,完全把它丟掉了,故上述成语在中世纪还没有人使用呢。
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好像我们对于看不懂的文字称为天书一样,英国人当时对于完全不了解的文字,称为希腊文也是合理的。欧罗巴洲的语言大部分都属于条顿或拉丁文系统,唯有俄文是斯拉夫系统,它有另外的字母,所以现代作家用俄文来取代希腊文,用意正同:
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…as for sloops, yawls, cutters, ketches and brigantines, they were simply the Russian alphabet to me.
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—— Lynd: On Knowing the Difference
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(谈到单桅帆船,纵帆快艇,单桅快船,双桅小船,以及两桅船各种舟艇,我真是一无所知。)
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英国人在口语中又常使用 double Dutch 一辞,来表示完全不懂的语文,其中 Dutch 只是用以代表一种外国话,加上 double 一字,以表示此外国话还要加倍的难懂。如果大家语言相通,不问是说的什么不同的国语也行。比方在新加坡生长的人,说英语、华语、巫语都可通行,就好像说的同一种语言一样。
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I now believe that if I had asked an even simpler question,…not more than one in ten of the highly educated would have felt that I was speaking the same language.
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—— C. P. Snow: The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution
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(我现在相信如果我发出一个更加简单的问题,……凡是受过高等教育的十之八九,都会觉得我是说的和他们同样的语言。)
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The best of the communications an author has to make is to his own generation, and he is wise to let the generation that succeeds his choose its own exponents. They will do it whether he lets them or not. His language will be Greek to them.
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—— W. S. Maugham: A Writer’s Notebook
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(一个作家必须与之尽力交换意见的,原只限于他自己的一代,而他要让后继的一代去选择他们自己的代表者,是明智的办法。不问他要不要,他们终归会是这样做。他所说的这一套,他们是不会懂得的。)
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