打字猴:1.70480358e+09
1704803580 30同上书,第64页。
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1704803582 31同上书,第67-68页。
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1704803584 32Jacques Ellul,Propaganda,p. 9.
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1704803586 第十一章 20世纪的宣传
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1704803588 1Jacques Ellul,Propaganda:The Formation of Men’s Attitudes,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1965. 括弧中直接标明的页码皆来自此书。
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1704803590 2Randall L. Bytwerk,Bending Spines:The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic,East Lansing,M.I.:Michigan State University Press,2004,pp. 45,44.
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1704803592 3Randall L. Bytwerk,“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda,”in Ted J. Smith III,Propaganda:A Pluralistic Perspective,N.Y.:Praeger,1989,p. 45.
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1704803594 4Robert Conquest,Reflections on a Ravaged Century,New York:Norton,2000,p. 115.
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1704803596 5Ibid.,p. 113.
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1704803598 6奥威尔:《政治与文学》,李存捧译,译林出版社2011年版,第120—121页。
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1704803600 7Robert Conquest,Reflections on a Ravaged Century,pp. 112-113 .
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1704803602 8Clifford Christians,“Jacques Ellul and Democracy’s ‘Vital Information’ Premise,”Journalism Monographs,August,1976,p. 127.
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1704803604 9Philip M. Taylor,Munitions of the Mind:War Propaganda from the Ancient,World to the Nuclear Age. Wellingborough,Northamptonshire,England:P. Stephens,1990,p. 23.
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1704803606 10宣传在历史上的运用与先例,参见Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O’Donnell,Propaganda and Persuasion. Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage Publication,2006,pp. 51-92。
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1704803608 11Gabriel De Tarde,L’Opinion et la foule,Paris:Alcan,1910. Gustave Le Bon,The Crowd:A Study of the Popular Mind,London:T. Fisher Unwin,[1896],1916.
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1704803610 12Michael Walzer,“On ‘Failed Totalitarianism’,”in Irvin Howe,ed.,1984 Revisited,New York:Harpe & Row,1983,p. 104.
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1704803612 13Randall L. Bytwerk,“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda,”in Propaganda:A Pluralistic Perspective,ed.by Ted J. Smith Ⅲ,New York:Praeger,1989,p. 44. B. L. Smith,Propaganda,Encyclopedia Britannica,15th ed.,Vol. 26:166-174 . 1985,p. 175.
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1704803614 14Randall L. Bytwerk,“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda,”p. 46;Jacques Ellul,Propaganda,pp. ix-xviii.
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1704803616 15Randall L. Bytwerk,“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda,”p. 46.
1704803617
1704803618 第十二章 纳粹德国的党国主义教育
1704803619
1704803620 1J.M. 里奇:《纳粹德国文学史》,孟军译,文汇出版社2006年版,第5—6页。
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1704803622 2Quoted from Gilmer W. Blackburn,Education in the Third Reich:A Study of Race and History in Nazi Textbooks,Albany,NY:State University Press,1985,p. 12.
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1704803624 3Richard Grunberger,The 12-Year Reich:A Social History of Nazi Germany 1933—1945,New York:Holt,Rinehart and Wilson,1971,p. 285.
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1704803626 4Robert Solomon Wistrich,Who’s Who in Nazi Germany,London:Routledge,2002,p. 85.
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1704803628 525 -Punkte-Programm der NSDAP. DHM. Retrieved on 9,April 2009.
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