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倘若可以将焦点转移到每天生活中的一举一动，突然被困惑的一切便有机会得到澄清；Debord从Clause Witz处获得启发，指出“知识必定会成为权力”。在此，我们可以察觉到今日社会中的科学早已丧失那种辨识、厘清的功用。
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科学放弃了与构成其自身历史主要内容的奴隶体制的对抗，做出对景观统治俯首称处的选择。做到这一点，科学才拥有相对的自主……现代医学在过去一直给人有用的感觉，那些根除天花与麻风病的人与那些卑微地服从于化学养殖的人有着极大的不同。然而，显而易见的是今天的医学不再是有权针对至并环境来维护公共健康，因为这样做将会对国家，或者至少是对医药业来形成挑战…对所有社会景观而言，其表面的物质现代化和改良仅仅是在现了魔术师、赢行家与诱骗者等江湖骗子长期以来惯用的伎俩，官方科学也不例外…无知总是对权威俯首贴尔，并总是对那些在合法边缘活动的投机之举所利用与这个时代相比还有那个时代会使文盲变得如此普及？（ⅩⅣ）
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Debord在《景观社会评论》[16]一书中，曾引用17世纪历史学家Baltasar Gracian的话语指出：无论是语言还是行动，都必须经过时间的检验。我们必须在我们有能力的时候做出选择，因为机遇与时间皆稍纵即逝。在一系列的著作中清楚地指出大众传播媒介的发展构成了客体存在的坚实基础，继而深远地影响了主体的生存状态；而也只有及早筹划（pro-action），我们才得以避开问题背后更深层结构的制约，以及那种左支右绌下的直接反应（re-action）。
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在传播生态中，我们的媒介改革应朝向提供生活经营的指南方向发展，倡导社会发展过程中所需的整体视野与文化品位，提供检视、凝视与思考、反省的一系列提问。然而，这一论述往往隐含的是知识精英般的高雅品味；其实不尽然，它凸显的更应该是在各种讯息选择中个人品味的形成过程，毕竟只有更多可能性的选择，才能彰显那种整体的媒介改革观点：从个人的能力做起，进而扩展到社会生态的经营与安排；而在其中，大众传媒的场域必然是我们极为重要的战略位置。
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大众传播与媒介批评（首届两岸三地媒介批评学术研讨会论文集） [:1704863504]
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The Effectiveness of Media Criticism
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Dr.Joyce Y.M.Nip聂依文[17]
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Scope of Media Critique
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The term“pi ping”（批评）in Chinese encompasses an element of disapproval in its meaning.The term“critique”used in this paper,however,embraces a broader meaning,and refers to“a detailed analysis and assessment”（Concise Oxford English Dictionary,2008）.Hence,both approving and disapproving assessments are included.The dimension of“assessment,”meaning the“evaluation…of the nature,quality,or ability”（The New Oxford American Dictionary,2006）marks critique from mere analysis or interpretation.The media,as the object of critique,include the content produced,its personnel,its work processes,and its institutions that influence the public.In other words,the work processes and relationships within media organizations are considered outside the arena of media criticism unless they have implications on public well being.
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News critique forms a strong tradition of media critique.Many of the examples given in this paper relate to news,but the objects of media critique obviously extend to all genres and technologies of media.
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Feedback Loop of Media Critique
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One major goal of media critique is change.The effectiveness of media critique in achieving change depends heavily on the relative power of the regulators.The regulators are connected to the critic and producer of media in a feedback loop（Figure one）,in which the regulators selectively respond to media critique（produced by critics）and takes action on the object of critique（produced by producers）.
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Figure one.Feedback Loop of Media Critique
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Regulator
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In this paper,the regulator is conceptualized as an entity that has the power to make the media work in a particular way.It could be a formal regulator vested with institutional power of applying sanctions,or an informal regulator that relies on un-institutional power.Among the formal regulators are the government,work organization,and conceivably in some countries,professional body and industry association,as well as the potential consumers.The formal sanctions that they could enforce could include imprisonment for violators of law,withdrawal of license from media operators,financial penalty on a media organization,recording an offence for the license holder of a media operation,professional disqualification of the media worker,or censure by the professional or industry body.Potential consumers are included here as formal regulators as they hold the power to consumer or not consumer the media in the market institutions.
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Informal regulators include the individual producers themselves,peers in the profession and industry,as well as society at large.The informal sanctions could be guilt and shame,or sense of achievement on the part of the individuals,disapproval/approval by other practitioners or organizations,or disapproval/approval by members of the public.
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In any case of media critique,more than one regulator is relevant.This means individuals and organizations are susceptible to formal and informal sanctions from multiple regulators at the same time.Media critique is the most effective when both formal and informal regulators respond,and act consistently with each other.
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Critic
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The role of the critic lies in providing the evaluation on which regulators could act.Whether the regulators would respond to the critique depends on the power of the critic in relation to that of the regulators,and access of the critique by the regulators.
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The media critic could be an individual or an organization.Individual critics could be professional critics or citizens who perform acts of critiquing from time to time.Professional critics who form part of a media organization,such as ombudsmen and public editors in news organizations,are more likely to command response from the regulators,such as the chief editor,due to the power built into their positions.Other professional critics could be affiliated with professional magazines,or media concern groups.
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Ordinary citizens express views about various aspects of the media from time to time,but these views count as critique only when they are evaluative in nature,and are communicated publicly.Usually this public communication is directed towards formal media regulators or members of the public,for example,as complaints,or letters to the editors.Experts,such as university professors,when acting as critics,may enjoy greater attention from media regulators than other citizens.
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Organizational critics could be professional bodies or industry associations,such as journalist associations and press councils.Like ombudsmen,they act as critics when they initiate assess of performance,and as regulators when they respond to critiques made by others.
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Producer
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The producers of media involve multiple levels of personnel situated in institutions:Individual producers are likely to form part of a team,which constitutes part of a section under a department in a work organization.The work organization could be a commercial company that is privately-run or publicly listed,or it could be a public service organization or simply a part of the government.The nature of the organization sets the constraints and capabilities within which the multiple levels of producers could respond to the regulators.At the same time,individual producers are members of a profession,and work organizations are part of the relevant media industry.