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20. William H. Whyte, Jr.: The Organization Man (Anchor ed., 1956), p. 88.
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21. Thorstein Veblen: The Higher Learning in America (New York, 1918), p. 204; Abraham Flexner: Universities: American, English, German (New York, 1930), pp. 162-72.
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22. Peter F. Drucker: “The Graduate Business School,” Fortune, Vol. XLII (August, 1950), p. 116. 关于这些学校及其问题的概括性叙述，见L. C. Marshall, ed.: The Collegiate School of Business (Chicago, 1928); and Frank C. Pierson et. al.: The Education of American Businessmen: A Study of University-College Programs in Business Administration (New York, 1959).
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23. Ibid., pp. 150, 1$2, 227-8, 233, 235, and chapter 16 passim.
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24.A Guide to Confident Living (New York, 1948), p. 55.
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25. Ibid., pp. viii, 14, 108, 148, 165.
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26. “Religious Realism in the Twentieth Century,” in D. C. Macintosh, ed.: Religious Realism (New York, 1931), pp. 425-6.
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27.Popular Religion: Inspirational Books in America (Chicago, 1958), pp. 16-4; 本段的引文在pp. 1, 6, 7, 44, 51n., 58, 61n., 63, 90, 91n., 106, 107.
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28.A Guide to Confident Living, pp. 46, 55.
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29.Handbook of the New Thought (New York, 1917), pp. 122-3.
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30. 本段及后面几段的引文见The Return to Religion (1936; Pocket Book ed., 1943), pp. 9, 12, 14, 17, 19, 35, 44-5, 54-61, 67, 69, 71, 73, 78-9, 115-16, 147-9, 157.
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第十一章 其他领域所发生的智识无用论争辩
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1. John Taylor: Arator (Georgetown, 1813), pp. 76-7; Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America (New York, 1945), Vol. II, p. 157；在我的书The Age of Reform第二章中，我曾讨论美国农业中的商业气味。
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2. 关于农业杂志，见Albert L. Demaree: The American Agricultural Press, 1819-1860 (New York, 1941), pp. 17-19; 关于图书和杂志，见Paul W. Gates: The Farmer’s Age: Agriculture, 1815-1860 (New York, 1960), pp. 343, 356.
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3. 关于农业博览会，见Gates: op. cit., pp. 312-15; cf. W. C. Neely: The Agricultural Fair (New York, 1935), pp. 30, 35, 42-5, 71, 183; and P. W. Bidwell and J. I. Falconer: History of Agriculture in the Northern United States (Washington, 1925), pp. 186-93.
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4. Carl Van Doren: Benjamin Franklin (New York, 1938), p. 178; Bidwell and Falconer: op. cit., p. 119; Avery O. Craven: Edmund Ruffin, Southerner (New York, 1932), p. 58; Hany J. Carman, ed.: Jesse Buel: Agricultural Reformer (New York, 1947), p. 10; Demaree: op. cit., p. 38; James F. W. Johnston: Notes on North America: Agricultural, Economic, and Social (Edinburgh, 1851), Vol. II, p. 281.
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5. Demaree: op. cit., pp. 4-6, 10, 48-9. 关于浪费的开垦行为，见Gates: op. cit., who makes the necessary regional and ethnic qualifications.
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6. Richard Bardolph: Agricultural Literature and the Early Illinois Farmer (Urbana, Illinois, 1948), p. 14; cf. pp. 13, 103.
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7. Carman: op. cit., pp. 249-50. 这些犀利的话语，见pp. 234-54, and Buel’s remarks “On the Necessity and Means of Improving Our Husbandry,” pp. 8-21.
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8. Carman: op. cit., p. 53. 还有一位编辑针对农民极为务实的心态做了回应，见：“An Apology for ‘Book Farmers,’” Farmer’s Register, Vol. II. (June, 1834), pp. 16-19; cf. “Book Farming,” Farmer’s Register, Vol. I (May, 1834), p. 743.
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9. Demaree: op. cit., p. 67. 关于自耕农和农业出版，见pp. 113-16; cf. Sidney L. Jackson: Americas Struggle for Free Schools (Washington, 1940), pp. 111-14, 142-4. 通常农人最喜欢读他们手中的农民历，而有些农民历还竟然针对老农夫的胃口，登一些有反智气味的东西，例如嘲讽现代农耕法的趣味逸事或是打油诗。
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10. Gates: op. cit., pp. 358-60.
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11. “Agricultural Colleges,” reprinted from the New England Farmer, n.s. Vol. IV (June, 1852), pp. 267-8, in Demaree; op. cit., pp. 250-2.
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12. Jackson: op. cit., p. 172; cf. pp. 113, 127, passim.
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13. 耶鲁大学的约翰·P. 诺顿（John P. Norton）教授在1852年说：“美国如果有任何六个州在今年内要设立农业大学或学院的话，在全国范围之内他们也找不足可以胜任的教授人数。”他甚至怀疑纽约州如要设立一所学校都找不齐教员。Demaree: op. cit., p. 245. 关于美国改良农业教育的简史可以参考A. C. True: A History of Agricultural Education in the United States, 1785-1925 (Washington, 1929). 1851年，爱德华·希契科克（Edward Hitchcock）替马萨诸塞州议会做了一个关于欧洲农业教育概况的报告，他发现美国在这两方面落后欧洲很多，尤其是较诸德、法两国。
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