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有时还可构成合成词作定语:
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a fine-looking building 一座漂亮的楼房
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1704941355
oil-bearing crops 油料作物
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hard-working people 勤劳的人民
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far-reaching effects 深远的影响
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(4)用作状语(现在分词多表示主语的动作):
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Sally was in bed crying.萨莉在床上哭泣。(Sally was crying.)
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The manager approached us smiling.经理笑着向我们走来。(The manager was smiling.)
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Glancing at the clock, I saw it was midnight.我望了望钟,看见已经是午夜了。
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Not knowing what to do, I went home.我不知道怎么办好,就回家了。
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1704941371
有时这类状语可由when和while引起:
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Be careful when crossing the street.过街时要当心。
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Don’t mention this while talking to him.和他谈话时不要提及此事。
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现在分词如果不表示主语的动作,它前面可以有一个名词表示它是谁的动作(可称为它逻辑上的主语):
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1704941379
We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide.由彼得作向导我们探察了那些洞穴。(Peter acted as guide.)
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The shower being over, we continued to march.阵雨过后,我们继续前进。(When the shower was over)
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Weather permitting (if the weather permits), we’ll have an outing tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天将出去郊游。
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这种结构可称作独立结构(absolute construction)。
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现在分词作状语时,它表示的动作通常和主语表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生,如果它表示的动作发生较早,要用现在分词的完成形式:
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Having slept (As I had slept) for twelve hours, I felt marvellous.由于我睡了12个钟头的觉,我感到舒服极了。
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Ash, having forgotten (When he had forgotten) his fear, had become bored and restless.阿什在忘掉他的恐惧之后,变得无聊和不安起来。
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Having been there many times (As he had been…), he offered to be our guide.他曾多次到过那里,主动提出当我们的向导。
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(5)构成复合宾语:
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现在分词可以在一些动词后和一名词或代词构成复合宾语:
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I heard the wind blowing.我听见风在刮。
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