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有时还可构成合成词作定语：
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a fine-looking building 一座漂亮的楼房
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oil-bearing crops 油料作物
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hard-working people 勤劳的人民
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far-reaching effects 深远的影响
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（4）用作状语（现在分词多表示主语的动作）：
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Sally was in bed crying．萨莉在床上哭泣。（Sally was crying.）
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The manager approached us smiling．经理笑着向我们走来。（The manager was smiling.）
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Glancing at the clock, I saw it was midnight．我望了望钟，看见已经是午夜了。
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Not knowing what to do, I went home．我不知道怎么办好，就回家了。
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有时这类状语可由when和while引起：
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Be careful when crossing the street．过街时要当心。
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Don’t mention this while talking to him．和他谈话时不要提及此事。
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现在分词如果不表示主语的动作，它前面可以有一个名词表示它是谁的动作（可称为它逻辑上的主语）：
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We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide．由彼得作向导我们探察了那些洞穴。（Peter acted as guide.）
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The shower being over, we continued to march．阵雨过后，我们继续前进。（When the shower was over）
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Weather permitting (if the weather permits), we’ll have an outing tomorrow．如果天气允许，我们明天将出去郊游。
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这种结构可称作独立结构（absolute construction）。
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现在分词作状语时，它表示的动作通常和主语表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，如果它表示的动作发生较早，要用现在分词的完成形式：
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Having slept (As I had slept) for twelve hours, I felt marvellous．由于我睡了12个钟头的觉，我感到舒服极了。
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Ash, having forgotten (When he had forgotten) his fear, had become bored and restless．阿什在忘掉他的恐惧之后，变得无聊和不安起来。
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Having been there many times (As he had been…), he offered to be our guide．他曾多次到过那里，主动提出当我们的向导。
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（5）构成复合宾语：
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现在分词可以在一些动词后和一名词或代词构成复合宾语：
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I heard the wind blowing．我听见风在刮。
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