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We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我们在此处境下可能会损失一大笔钱。
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关系副词when引导表示时间的定语从句,意思接近at which time:
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There are moments when I forget all about it.有时候我完全忘了这事。
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There came a day when the rain fell in torrents.有一天下着滂沱大雨。
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关系副词why引导表示原因的定语从句(有时why可以省略):
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That’s no reason why you should leave.这不是你该离去的理由。
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That’s one of the reasons (why) I asked you to come.这是我要你来的原因之一。
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定语从句有两种,一种是限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clause),一种是非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive attributive clause)。
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限制性定语从句限制所修饰词的意思,使之表示特定的人或东西,如果把它去掉,意思就不清楚,甚至没有意义:
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This is the man to whom I referred.这就是我指的人。(如仅说This is the man意思就不清楚。)
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Paris is a city I’ve always wanted to visit.巴黎是我一直想访问的一座城市。(如只说Paris is a city,就没有什么意思。)
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People who take physical exercise live longer.从事锻炼的人活得长些。(如只说People live longer,就没有意义。)
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Have you got something we can read on the train?你有没有什么东西我们可以在火车上看?(如只说“Have you got something?”句子则失去意义。)
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由此可看出限制性定语从句在句中占重要地位。在日常口语中大部分定语从句都属于这类:
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Anything I can do for you?有什么事我能帮你忙?
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Which is the book you want?哪本书是你要的?
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Is that the seat you reserved for me?这是你留给我的座位吗?
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Show me the coat you bought.把你买的大衣给我瞧瞧。
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前面所给例句也都属于这一类。
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非限制性定语从句多用在书面语中,如果去掉,句子还可以成立,使用它只是为了多提供一点情况。在多数情况下都用一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开,在译为汉语时多译成两个并列句:
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My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.我姐姐是个护士,回家住了几天。
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That afternoon there was a search for Sophia, whom no one had seen since lunch.那天下午大家都在找索菲娅,午饭后谁都没见过她。
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Choppin, whose works are world famous, composed some of this music in this room.肖邦的作品是世界驰名的,有些音乐就是在这间屋子里谱写的。
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The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season.伦敦队上一个赛季打得很好,这个赛季却打得很差。
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They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gynt.他们去了皇家剧院,在那里他们看了易卜生的《皮尔·金特》。
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