打字猴:1.705004173e+09
1705004173
1705004174 ● words:祝贺圣诞的文辞。a picture:圣诞卡上的图画,文辞通常印在它的下面。dropped(过去分词):投寄(形容card)。corner:街道转角处。handing(动名词):亲手交付。which I have bought为定语从句,形容something。圣诞卡上的套语,红纸包扎的礼物,这些都不能代表Merry X’mas的真正意义。
1705004175
1705004176 ● “the way…”在这里是习惯用法,很难分析它的文法构造,《简明牛津字典》里有这么一个例子:
1705004177
1705004178 [I] don’t like the way she smiles.(我不喜欢她笑的样子。)
1705004179
1705004180 she smiles是“定语从句”,前面省略一个relative adverb “that”。同样的用法如“The instant he saw me, he took to his heels”(他看见我就逃),he saw me的前面也省略一个“that”。但是这种句子的that通常都是省略的。
1705004181
1705004182 萨洛扬文里的句子同《简明牛津字典》的例子又不一样,在那例句里,the way是名词;在本文中,the way a child says it的the way也是名词,却有副词的功用,形容what it says中的动词says。
1705004183
1705004184 名词可以当副词用吗?可以,而且很普通,随便举两个例子:
1705004185
1705004186 I go to school every morning.
1705004187
1705004188 She lives next door.
1705004189
1705004190 这两句中的斜体字的用法,都和the way相仿。这种名词是属于“宾格”(objective or accusative case)的,因为兼有副词的功用,文法家称之为adverbial accusative.
1705004191
1705004192 Christmas is looked forward to by a child with even greater excitement than the excitement with which he looks forward to his own birthday, because Christmas is everybody’s birthday, with the party going on all over the world. Christmas is to every child, in his own way, the wonder of the world and the light of life.
1705004193
1705004194 ● 真能领略圣诞节的意义的是儿童。以下就详述儿童心目中的圣诞节。
1705004195
1705004196 ● 第一句相当长,但是层次清楚。because前面是主句,because后面是从句。
1705004197
1705004198 ● 在主句里,把耶稣圣诞节拿来同儿童自己的生日相比。儿童过自己的生日,假如有得玩,有得吃,无不热烈期待(look forward to)这个好日子的。但是他的期待圣诞节,其兴奋更甚于期待他自己的生日。这里很多字都是重复的,但是than之前用的是被动语态,than之后用的是主动语态,重复之中还是有变化。
1705004199
1705004200 ● Christmas is everybody’s birthday:耶稣圣诞节是每一个人的生日。这句话不一定含有宗教的意义,只是说耶稣圣诞节到处热烈庆祝,好像人人都在过生日。the party:庆祝会。
1705004201
1705004202 ● the wonder of the world and the light of life:都是些玄虚的字眼,但是读者请不要往玄虚处去想,作者只是要强调小孩过圣诞节觉得热闹好玩(好像中国过旧历年似的),这些玄虚的字眼无非都表示热闹好玩而已。小孩子对圣诞节,有一种独特看法(in his own way),他们把它看作“宇宙的奇观,生命的光彩”。
1705004203
1705004204 Christmas is odors, brought in from the cold to the fire, a blend of perfume made of the scent of snow mingling with the scent of sanctity; of holly and fir mingling with the gifts of new clothes and new shoes; of Christmas candy and the bright, painted toys mingling with the unmistakable scent of happiness that comes out of people at Christmas, no matter how deeply it is buried.
1705004205
1705004206 ● 以下分从“色、声、香、味”入手,说明圣诞节的所以成为“奇妙光彩”之处。
1705004207
1705004208 ● 先说香。作者不说“圣诞节的种种香味是多么的可爱”,他说“圣诞节就是种种香味”。这句话似嫌武断,但是连以下几段的sounds,tastes,sights一起看,圣诞节的可爱本来就在种种感觉上的享受,这样的说法也许不算不伦不类吧?
1705004209
1705004210 ● 事实上这一段所描写的不尽是嗅觉,如from the cold的cold为触觉,bright, painted toys的bright, painted为视觉,但是这些东西都有它们的香味,作者就抓住了这一点来描写。假如读者读了这段文章,似乎鼻子里也嗅到这些圣诞节特有的香味,那么作者的写法就成功了。
1705004211
1705004212 ● 好的描写文章是要叫读者眼睛能看到,耳朵能听到,鼻子能嗅到,嘴能尝到。这就是所谓“具体描写”。若要文章不空洞不浮泛,平日应多多注意“眼、耳、鼻、舌、身”的感觉经验。
1705004213
1705004214 ● 圣诞节的香味一种是从外面来的:“从冷空气里飘到火炉边上,雪花的香和天地间圣洁(sanctity)之气所混合而成的一种特别的香味。”perfume:香水,香味。blend:混合物。a blend of perfume:几种香水配合而成的特别香水。这里当然是指特别的香气。
1705004215
1705004216 ● holly:冬青(叶厚角尖,红果小圆如珠,多用于圣诞装饰。按:好莱坞之“好莱”即由此得名)。fir:枞树,想必就是供在屋内的圣诞树。of holly与前面的of snow平行。
1705004217
1705004218 ● unmistakable:不致被人误认的,明明白白的。scent of happiness:快乐的气氛。这个跟上面的scent of sanctity,其实都需要用内心去体会,与感官声色之娱不同。但是作者认为这种圣洁肃穆之气象和融融泄泄的快乐,都是可以用鼻子嗅得出来的。
1705004219
1705004220 ● it is buried的it代表the scent of happiness。
1705004221
1705004222 Christmas is sounds—the talking and the laughing, the shouting and the singing of childhood’s hymns—the tinkling of the music box, which says “Hosanna” in the child’s language of gladness, no matter if it is only saying, “This is the way we wash our clothes, wash our clothes!” in English.
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.705004173e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]