1705007110
● halo：神光（神、佛、天使、saints头上的光）。在君主专制的时候，帝王自命君权神授（中国的皇帝自称“奉天承运”）；英国国王加冕时，大主教还要背这么一段话：“Receive this kingly sword brought now from the altar of God and delivered to you by the hands of us the bishops and servants of God.”君主政体本来有一种神圣的光华，现在可是没有了。
1705007111
1705007112
● secular：非宗教的。近代民主政治的基本观念（views）是非宗教的：人为贵，天次之。君权神授的观念，和这种看法格格不入（does not fit with）。
1705007113
1705007114
● all the more so：尤其使这两种观念格格不入者。so是“不合”，more是“更不合”，the（副词）=on that account，因此而更为不合。民主国家里，很多老百姓什么教也不信，君主如再拿“天命”来号召，也没有人会相信的。
1705007115
1705007116
Only in England is the institution still sacramental, the monarch being crowned in church and still recognized as head of the national church. Other countries manage to forego the religious ceremony of coronation: the monarchs of Europe mark their accession by swearing an oath in the legislative assembly, according to a constitutional concept that does not accept any idea of divinely appointed monarch.
1705007117
1705007118
● institution：（王室的）制度。sacramental：含有神圣意味的。（sacrament：圣礼，或是任何有神圣意味的东西。）
1705007119
1705007120
● 第一句是倒装法。句子重心在前三个字，主语放在动词的后面。又本句用了一个absolute phrase（the monarch being…），这种短语用作轻描淡写的说明，最为合适。
1705007121
1705007122
● crowned：加冕。这个字的名词形式是coronation。head of the national church：国教的教主。in church的church是“教堂”，national church的church是“教会”。
1705007123
1705007124
● manage：想办法。forego或拼作forgo：取消。
1705007125
1705007126
● Europe：广义的欧洲，包括英国在内。狭义的欧洲，仅指欧洲大陆。这里所用的是狭义。
1705007127
1705007128
● accession：登基，就位。这个字的动词形式是accede。mark：举行仪式以表示。swearing an oath：宣誓。legislative assembly：立法议会。他们所以在议会里宣誓，而不在教堂加冕者，是根据一种宪法观念：这种宪法观念不承认君主是上帝任命的（不接受这种想法）。
1705007129
1705007130
Has the king’s social and personal position changed with the decline in his religious status and political power? The answer to this question is different in different countries. In Scandinavia it has. The general sentiment is democratic. The Norwegians, the Swedes and Danes do not like the idea that the royal family is something apart, leading an existence of courtly formality and stately splendor. The royal families, so far as we can gather, agree with them. Certainly they fall in with their wishes. The kings and queens of these countries perform their public functions with traditional state and dignity; but when these are over, they return to a home life which differs in no essentials from that of their subjects.
1705007131
1705007132
● social and personal position：社会地位与个人地位。religious status：宗教上的地位。status和position没有多少分别，不过status是法律名词，更能引起庄严的联想。国王的宗教地位和政治权力都衰落了（decline），他的社会地位与个人地位是否也因此改变呢？
1705007133
1705007134
● Scandinavia：指挪威、瑞典、丹麦三国（还有冰岛）。按地理位置说来，丹麦是不在Scandinavia半岛上的。it has=his position has changed。
1705007135
1705007136
● do not like the idea：idea这个字很常用，中文不易表达（上一段有does not accept any idea of）。这一句直译应该是“他们不喜欢这个想法”；照中国习惯说法，其实就是“他们不喜欢这个办法”。
1705007137
1705007138
● something apart：高高在上，和老百姓判然不同。leading an existence中的existence就是life：过这样的生活。courtly formality：宫廷的繁文缛节。stately splendor：庄严华丽。“庄严”和“华丽”这两个观念在中文里是平行的，但在英文里，可以用一个为主（名词），一个为从（形容词）。这是中英文用法不同之处，亦是英文较多伸缩性的一个例子，请读者注意。
1705007139
1705007140
● so far as we can gather：就我们所知者。gather：从事实上推断。
1705007141
1705007142
● 那些君主，是否真正赞成“君民平等”的想法，我们不敢断言。就事实上表现看来，他们是赞成的。
1705007143
1705007144
● 有一点我们是敢断定的（certainly），他们的确是依从（fall in with）老百姓的意志而行事的。
1705007145
1705007146
● perform their public functions：执行公务（如接见外国使节、主持国庆大典等）。traditional：传统的。state and dignity：这两个字连用时，意义上没有多大分别。state有“庄严”之意。
1705007147
1705007148
● when these are over=when these functions are over：公务执行完毕。
1705007149
1705007150
● differ in no essentials：其主要之点并无分别。that of their subjects：他们“子民”的家庭生活。
1705007151
1705007152
In Belgium and England the story is different because there the traditions of aristocratic society and court life are still alive. The British royal children are privately educated; the queen of England does not go out unattended and the Belgian king rarely does; there are courtiers and splendor. Yet even in England royal life has modified a great deal. An English princess will now dine out with friends without a lady in waiting in attendance. The little Duke of Cornwall is beginning his education not at home under the care of a tutor but at a school. It seems possible, too, that when he is older he may become the first heir to the British throne to attend a public school. Altogether the English royal family today leads a life which, while retaining many of its old forms, is growingly democratic in spirit.
1705007153
1705007154
● story原意是“故事”。the story is different是成语，与“故事”无关，只是“情形是不一样的”。
1705007155
1705007156
● aristocratic society：贵族社会。alive这个字是可以形容traditions的。are still alive当然比still exist来得好。
1705007157
1705007158
● privately educated：请“太傅”教授。
1705007159
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70500711e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]