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● sling chair:可折叠的椅子。gleaming, youthful:这两个字形容这座粉红色的新派房子,很贴切。
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● ginger beer:一种饮料,香港人称作“姜啤”。earthenware mug:陶器大杯。binoculars:双目望远镜。eagles:此字点明了远处的高山和辽阔的空间。
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● pottering:吊而郎当地工作。Oriental garden:中国式或日本式的花园布置,在美国是时髦玩意。
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● bumbershoot:一种大帽子,可张开收拢如伞。教授在花园里作杂工,就戴这样一顶帽子,以避阳光(shading himself)。此字后面省了一个关系代名词。这种帽子通常是旅馆的看门人在大雨倾盆(pouring rain)时候戴的,我们(one)看见这种帽子,就会把它同那种看门人联在一起。associates:联想。
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● placed:不论你把他“放”在这座房子的什么地方,他总是不相称的。“你”是指读者,前面两句用命令式,也是请读者“想象”,请你来看。
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● joke:镇上的人把这座房子引为笑谈。可是笑话里面并不含有挖苦的成分(good-natured),因为镇上的人都喜欢这位教授。pet:被人爱抚的动物(或人)。
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Dr. Bohrmann and his wife, who died two years before his retirement, had arrived in Colorado from Freiburg by way of Montreal, where, just as he was beginning to make his presence felt at the university, he was halted in his stride by a sudden, astounding hemorrhage of the lungs. When, after seventeen wan, lengthy months, he was discharged from the sanitorium, not as cured but as arrested, his careful doctors counseled him to go West, to the Rocky Mountains, under whose blue, bright skies he could, in time, rout the last bacterium. On their further recommendation, he applied for an appointment at Nevilles College, since Adams was famous for the particular salubrity of its air. And providence was pleased to accommodate him, having a few months earlier created a vacancy on the staff through the death—from tuberculosis—of a young instructor.
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● 第一句所包含的内容又很丰富。教授太太是在他退休之前两年故世的;他们俩本来是从德国的Freiburg地方来到美洲,卜居在美国的Colorado州。在来美国之前,曾在加拿大的Montreal教过一阵书。by way of:经过(Montreal来到Colorado)。在Montreal的大学教书刚刚露点头角(to make his presence felt:使自己的“存在”被人家觉得;使人家知道有他这样一个青年教师),他忽然咯血。hemorrhage of the lungs:肺出血。his stride:他的大踏步往前迈进(教育界的地位蒸蒸日上),忽然被咯血所阻止。sudden, astounding:突如其来的,吓人的。
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● 这许多事情,要写在一句之内,不是一件容易的事情。读者如要揣摩何谓“用英文思想”(to think in English),对于这种句子应该细心模仿。作者风格的特点还是她的松散自然,从容不迫。她并不因为句子内容丰富而显得手忙脚乱,无法应付。所以如此者,恐怕是因为她多用loose construction的缘故。讲起教授的太太,作者就随随便便地插一个定浯从句(non-restrictive clause),说明她已经死了。句子到Montreal本来可以完了,作者又加了个定语从句(where…),说明他的如日方升的事业,忽受扼于肺疾。中国学生作文时如能把定语从句任意活用,于文字通畅之道,已思过半矣。
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● 教授咯血后,在疗养院(sanitorium)里住了十七个月(过了十七个惨淡[wan]漫长的月),此后他出院了(discharged:释放),病没有医好,只是算已经停止恶化(arrested:已被遏止);他的医生(careful:怕他旧病复发)劝他到西部去,到落矶山去。说到这里,作者为维持一贯的loose construction的作用,又用了一个定语从句。落矶山区,天空明亮作纯蓝色。他住在那里,隔了相当时候,可以把体内最后一个结核杆菌(bacterium)消灭(rout:击溃)。本句下半句连用好几个comma:计West后有一个,Mountains后有一个,blue后有一个,could后有一个,time后有一个。这许多逗点使句子的进行缓慢,吞吞吐吐,有言尽而意不尽之妙。若求句子爽利,当然不是用这个写法的了。
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● 迁居不难,但是生活也得维持。医生们有更进一步的建议,他根据(on)这个建议,向Nevilles College申请谋职(appointment=office assigned:指派的职位),因为该校所在地Adams镇空气清新,有益健康(salubrity的形容词形式是salubrious),向来有名的。
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● providence:上帝。代替God的字有好几个,如说上帝可以为人安排一切,这种场合我们可以用providence。上帝很高兴把他好好安插(accommodate him),原来该校在几个月以前,有个年轻教员害结核病故世:上帝在该校的教职员群(staff)中制造了一个空缺(having…created a vacancy)。
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Adams was high above sea level and its prospect of soaring palisades and pinnacles of rock was magnificent, if, at first, dismaying to European eyes that had been accustomed to grandeur on a smaller scale. Moreover, the faculty of its college was remarkable—was, in part, illustrious—because so many of its members had come here for Dr. Bohrmann’s reason; if their distemper had been of a different nature, they would have lectured in much grander but moister groves—in New Haven or Princeton, in Oxford or Bonn. For the most part, they accepted their predicament with grace—it is no myth that the tubercular is by and large a sanguine fellow—and lived urbanely in rented houses, year by year meaning it less and less when they stated their resolve that as soon as their health was completely restored they would go back to the East or to their foreign fatherlands.
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● Adams海拔甚高,悬崖壁立,奇峰插云,气势壮阔。prospect:广阔的风景。soaring:高入云表的。palisades(此字在此场合常用复数):悬崖绝壁,排成一排的。pinnacle:尖峰。
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● 这种奇景,即使(if)欧洲人初来,看来要目眩神移(dismay),但是总可以说是壮观(magnificent)。欧洲人的眼睛也认识伟大,但是他们所见惯的伟大,格局要比美国的小(grandeur on a smaller scale)。这句话其实就是说:欧洲人惯见的“山”,气势格局不如美国的,但是这里不说accustomed to mountains,而说accustomed to grandeur。中文用具体名词的地方英文常常可用抽象名词。这里的grandeur范围当然不限于“山”,欧洲的伟大的东西,格局上大多不如美国的。if后面省了it (=the prospect) was二字。
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● faculty:大学教员(集体名词)。上一段有一个staff,此字通常意义是“某一个机关的职员的总称”,范围较广。faculty是“学科”,后转作“某学科或某大学的教员的总称”。教员乃是member of the faculty。
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● Nevilles College地虽偏僻,它的“教授阵容”却相当可观(remarkable),有一部分还是赫赫有名的(illustrious)人物。
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● for Dr. Bohrmann’s reason:Dr. Bohrmann到这里来,是一半教书,一半养病,教授中有很多位也是抱了养病的目的来的。所以该校容易招得到好教员。
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● distemper:病。假如那辈教授害的不是肺结核(假如他们的病换了一种性质),按他们在学术界的声望,应该在有名的大学任教,不会到这个小地方来的。New Haven:在美国的Connecticut州,耶鲁(Yale)大学所在地。Princeton:在美国的New Jersey州,为普林斯顿大学所在地。Bonn:通常译作“波恩”,曾是西德首都,该地也有著名的波恩大学。
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● groves:古希腊雅典城附近有一片园林(grove),名Academe,为柏拉图讲学之地。现在英文里的Academy解作“学校”或“研究院”;稍“雅”的说法有the groves of Academe,解作“学校”(或“学园”、“学府”),连带地,groves这个字都代表“学校”了。耶鲁等等大学,规模是较大,可是那些地方空气较潮湿(moister),不宜肺痨病人疗养。
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● predicament:倒霉的命运(生肺病)。这辈教授,大部分不怨天不尤人地(with grace)承受了自己的命运。(grace:潇洒乐观的态度。)
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● by and large=in every way,in all respects。有人说,结核病人(the tubercular)是十足的乐天知命的人(a sanguine fellow),这句话并不是瞎说(no myth)。
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● 他们承受了自己的命运,租了房子住(住在租来的房子里),过一种高雅的生活(urbanely,意思是说:虽然那地方是偏僻的,他们还可以讲究派头)。
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● 他们常常向人表示决心(stated their resolve):一俟病躯全部康复,他们就要回到东部去(美国东部开发较早,文化程度较高),或者回到他们在外国的老家去。可是一年一年过去(year by year),他们的病可能养好了,但是他们也爱上这块地方,不想迁移。因此嘴上虽说要走,心里要走的意思越来越少了。mean it:真心地说这句话。(例:I meant it. 我不是开玩笑。)meaning it less and less:心里的意思同“嘴上的话”(it)距离越来越远。
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Although their New York Times came four days late, and although perhaps they were not in the thick of things, neither did their minds abide in Shangri-La. Visiting lecturers and vacationing friends were bound to admit that the insular community was remarkably au courant and that within it there was an exchange of ideas as brilliant and constant as the Colorado sun.
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