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现代英文选评注 Moon Shell月形螺壳
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Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906—2001)
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本文作者是名飞行家林白上校(Charles A. Lindbergh)的夫人,其父亲是外交家。林白夫人写诗,也写小说;这篇文章选自她1955年出版的散文集《海的礼物)》(Gift from the Sea)。该书收了八篇文章,大多是林白夫人记录自己在海滨的各种思想,大多有关妇女问题和人生问题。她的思想大多又是海滨的各种贝壳所引起的,所以这本书名《海的礼物》。这种发抒个人感慨的散文,在中国是“散文正宗”,美国十九世纪的散文也很多是这一种的,但是二十世纪便很少见。林白夫人此书出版后很受欢迎,列入畅销书。
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This is a snail shell, round, full and glossy as a horse chestnut. Comfortable and compact, it sits curled up like a cat in the hollow of my hand. Milky and opaque, it has the pinkish bloom of the sky on a summer evening, ripening to rain. On its smooth symmetrical face is pencilled with precision a perfect spiral, winding inward to the pinpoint center of the shell, the tiny dark core of the apex, the pupil of the eye. It stares at me, this mysterious single eye—and I stare back.
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● snail:蜗牛。海滩上的贝壳,也有圆圆的像蜗牛壳的。full:丰满的。glossy:光泽鲜明的。horse chestnut:“七叶树”所结的果子,据说以前是马的饲料。
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● compact:满满的。Comfortable形容贝壳,似乎奇怪;但贝壳既比作为猫,此字也是妥当的。curled是过去分词,作形容词用,形容主语it。这两句的形容词,有些放在名词的前面,有些放在后面,其间颇有考究。如第一句改成:This is a round snail shell. 第二句改成:It sits comfortable, compact, and curled up. 都比较差。
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● in the hollow of my hand:在我手心里面(我手的洼处)。
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● 第三句又是以两个形容词开头。这种句法,至少可以省掉verb to be;否则的话It is comfortable and compact;it is milky and opaque:重复地说,句法很笨。现在把形容词放在一句之首,句子的主语还没出现;句子的重心不落在这几个形容词身上,句子里可以讲些更重要的事。opaque:不透明的。bloom:红润之色。ripening:这个字来形容天空,很怪。原义是“成熟”,夏日黄昏,红云渐浓,乃下雨之兆。
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● symmetrical:对称的。pencilled:并不真是用铅笔画的;线条很细,好像是铅笔画的。spiral:螺旋线。此字乃本句之主语。pinpoint:像针头那样细的。core:核心。此字和center是“同位”。pupil:瞳孔,这个字也是同位语。圆形的螺壳,好像是只眼睛。apex:顶点。
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Now it is the moon, solitary in the sky, full and round, replete with power. Now it is the eye of a cat that brushes noiselessly through long grass at night. Now it is an island, set in ever-widening circles of waves, self-contained, serene.
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● 作者看见这只螺壳,思潮大作,把它比作三件东西。Now连着用,表示“一下子这样,一下子那样”。
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● replete:充满了。power:如把月亮看作是神,它有它的权力,通常以为月亮有一种magical power,中国有僵尸拜月,狐狸拜月的传说,西洋人以为月亮能使人发狂。至少月亮有吸动潮水的力量。
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● a cat that中的that代替cat。brushes through:走过(身体跟外物磨擦的)。
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● set是过去分词:放在。self-contained:自足的。serene:宁静的。这两个形容词,放到句子的结尾来了。形容island。
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How wonderful are islands! Islands in space, like this one I have come to, ringed about by miles of water, linked by no bridges, no cables, no telephones. An island from the world and the world’s life. Islands in time, like this short vacation of mine. The past and the future are cut off: only the present remains. One lives like a child or a saint in the immediacy of here and now. Every day, every act, is an island, washed by time and space, and has an island’s completion. People, too, become like islands in such an atmosphere, self-contained, whole and serene; respecting other people’s solitude, not intruding on their shores, standing back in reverence before the miracle of another individual. “No man is an island,” said John Donne. I feel we are all islands—in a common sea.
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● 说到这个螺壳像一座岛,文章就转到“岛”上去了。岛的特性是隔绝的:在空间上隔绝的,或者是在时间上隔绝的。空间上的岛,像我在这里度假的那座岛。
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● ringed是过去分词:围绕。cables:海底电缆。以前人所想象的岛是没有桥梁和其他陆地相联系的。但是现代人的想法不然,即使没有桥梁,有电报电话,所谓孤岛也者,还可以和外界联络。所以作者于linked by no bridges之后,再说no cables, no telephones,这才表示彻底孤立。
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● Islands in space…是句不完全句子,后面两句也都是不完全句子。
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● An island from中的from有“隔绝”之意。英文的介词,往往有中文的动词之意义。如中文“民有、民治、民享”中间的“有、治、享”是三个动词,在英文里便成了of the people, by the people, for the people了。
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● 另外一种岛屿是时间上的岛屿,如我这短短的假期。它和过去,和未来都是隔绝的。(意思大约是说:我既不想过去,也不想将来。)
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● here and now(成语):此时此地。immediacy是immediate的名词形式:直接领略目前的情形。一个人要心无挂碍,无思无虑,才能做到这一地步。小孩子能,圣人亦能。
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● Every day, every act虽然是两件东西,动词还是用单数形式。washed by time and space:把时间空间比作海水。has an island’s completion=is complete in itself like an island:自身圆满具足。
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● 在这种气氛之下,人也都像了一座一座的岛了。谁也不去管别人的闲事:“尊敬别人的孤独”。
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● 既然把人比作岛,那么管人的闲事,就好像插足到别人的岛上去:闯入了别人的海岸(intruding on their shores)。
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● reverence较之respect更多一层宗教上的“虔诚敬畏”之意。照基督教的看法,上帝创造人是一大奇迹(miracle)。我身之外,另有他人,此他人者,即是奇迹,我观此奇迹,衷心敬之畏之,驻步不敢前(standing back)。人和人之间因此缺乏来往,这样,两个人就成了两座孤岛了。
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