打字猴:1.705008043e+09
1705008043
1705008044 ● John Donne(1572—1631):英国名诗人,较莎士比亚晚生九年。他也是个有名的布道家,“No man is an island”是他的一篇讲道文中的名句,讲的是人人祸福相关,没有人可以孤立;海明威有一部小说的标题For Whom the Bell Tolls,也出自同一篇文章:丧钟为谁而响呢?为你而响。——别人丧生,你也受到影响。
1705008045
1705008046 ● 但是本文作者,从另外一个观点看来,以为人人都是孤岛。人是寂寞的,人和人之间沟通是困难的,所以一个人是一座岛。这和Donne人人祸福相关的看法不同。
1705008047
1705008048 We are all, in the last analysis, alone. And this basic state of solitude is not something we have any choice about. It is, as the poet Rilke says, “not something that one can take or leave. We are solitary. We may delude ourselves and act as though this were not so. That is all. But how much better it is to realize that we are so, yes, even to begin by assuming it. Naturally,” he goes on to say, “we will turn giddy.”
1705008049
1705008050 ● in the last analysis:分析到最后;归根结底。
1705008051
1705008052 ● basic state of solitude:人类的基本状态——寂寞。we have any choice about:是adjective clause。对于人生之寂寞,我们并无选择之余地。人生而寂寞;如欲不寂寞,为不可能之事。只有寂寞的一条路,没有第二条路。Rilke(1875—1926):奥国诗人。It is…not something:句法是上一句this basic state of solitude is not something的重复。take or leave(成语):接受或不接受。人生有些东西(如非义之财),你可以取(take),也可以不取(leave),这就是所谓choice,但是人生的寂寞,是无法避免的。
1705008053
1705008054 ● delude:哄骗。act:如此这般地做人。as though this were not so:好像是人生并不寂寞的。
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1705008056 ● That is all:仅此而已。假如有人以为人生并不寂寞,或者兴高采烈地和别人相聚为乐,这“无非”是自己骗自己,他忘记了这点基本事实而已。
1705008057
1705008058 ● how much better it is:it代替to realize体会到,领悟到我们确是寂寞(so代替solitary)。我们尽可自骗自,但是领悟到这一点,对于我们是有好处的。
1705008059
1705008060 ● yes=moreover,in addition。前面所说固然不错,我们还可以更进一步地说。
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1705008062 ● to begin by assuming it:做人一开头就假定人生的寂寞,不要自骗自,这样更好。begin by+gerund是成语:以某事开始,如He began by scolding us, saying…(他对我们说话是以责骂开头的;他一开头就责骂我们,说道……)。
1705008063
1705008064 ● we will这里的will没有意志作用,只是表示将来。假如我们念念不忘人生的寂寞,无疑我们将要头晕眼花(giddy),支持为难。
1705008065
1705008066 Naturally. How one hates to think of oneself as alone. How one avoids it. It seems to imply rejection or unpopularity. An early wallflower panic still clings to the word. One will be left, one fears, sitting in a straight-backed chair alone, while the popular girls are already chosen and spinning around the dance floor with their hot-palmed partners.
1705008067
1705008068 ● Naturally:这是本文作者附和Rilke的话。Rilke刚用过Naturally这个字(原文是德文),这里接着用一个。人领悟到人生的寂寞之后,当然是要头晕眼花的。
1705008069
1705008070 ● How one avoids it:it可能是代替上一句to think of oneself as alone。这两句以How开头,都是不完全句子。
1705008071
1705008072 ● imply:含有……之意。我们怕寂寞,因为寂寞含有不见容于人(rejection),或不受欢迎(unpopularity)之意。
1705008073
1705008074 ● early:早期所养成的。panic:恐慌心理。wallflower:舞会中无人邀舞的女子。西洋女子视舞会为正式社交场合,假如众人皆舞,我独向隅,这个味道是不好受的。她们很早就有这种心理,这种心理也就附着于(clings to)这个字上。the word:什么字?可能是alone;较好的是solitude。
1705008075
1705008076 ● one fears:是插入语句。怕的是什么呢?作者更具体的描写舞会中受冷落的情形。这样的寂寞确实可怕,但是人生的基本寂寞(basic state of solitude)和舞会里的寂寞不同。舞会里的寂寞只是rejection,unpopularity而已。leave这个字用处很大,前面刚刚见过take or leave。leave也有“不加理睬”之意,leave me alone(不要来惹我)是成语。这句话的结构,还是从这个成语脱胎而出:One will be left…alone。
1705008077
1705008078 ● straight-backed chair:靠背笔直的,强调不舒服的情形。人家跳舞,我在沙发上躺一回,也蛮舒服,偏偏坐在硬椅子上。
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1705008080 ● popular是受人欢迎,人见人爱。chosen:这句连用两个被动式动词:will be left和are already chosen。主语不明,用被动式较妥。spinning:蝴蝶穿花似地转。这个动词很生动,目的也无非强调做wallflower的可怕。hot-palmed:掌心是热的。这个形容词也很生动。自己没有下场子跳,但是不难想象别人相依相偎的亲热情形。美国女人很早就有怕寂寞的心理,所以要逃避寂寞。
1705008081
1705008082 We seem so frightened today of being alone that we never let it happen. Even if family, friends, and movies should fail, there is still the radio or television to fill up the void. Women, who used to complain of loneliness, need never be alone any more. We can do our housework with soap-opera heroes at our side. Even day-dreaming was more creative than this; it demanded something of oneself and it fed the inner life. Now instead of planting our solitude with our dream blossoms, we choke the space with continuous music, chatter and companionship to which we do not even listen. It is simply there to fill the vacuum. When the noise stops there is no inner music to take its place. We must relearn to be alone.
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1705008084 ● alone是形容词, 不可以做of的宾语,一定要加一个being。frightened of being alone:我们畏惧寂寞。never let it happen:不让寂寞发生。想尽办法,消除寂寞。
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1705008086 ● fail:失败;不能帮我们消除寂寞。fill up the void:填补空虚。
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1705008088 ● need never be alone:need用于否定句中,后面通常不用to。alone要和be连接着用,前面已经说过了。
1705008089
1705008090 ● soap-opera:低级广播剧(所以得名,恐怕是由于替肥皂公司做广告而起)。at our side:一面做家务工作,一面听收音机(或看电视),广播剧中的人物就在我们身旁,我们毋庸忧惧寂寞了。
1705008091
1705008092 ● 这种消遣方法,本文作者是反对的。她认为听低级广播剧的时候,脑筋只是消极地接受,不能积极地创造。
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