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③have a bearing on 与…相关 It would be difficult to deny that poverty, lack of access to safe water, poor housing, poor hygiene and unsanitary conditions all have a strong bearing on the health of the mother and child. （1999）
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indiscriminate［ˌindisˈkriminit］adj. 任意的；不加分析的，不加鉴别的
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【记】联想记忆：in + discriminate（区别）→不加区别的→不加鉴别的
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【例】①The terroristic actions are often indiscriminate and happen in many of the residential areas.
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②Dictionaries should not be indiscriminate collections of word information.
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③The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. （2009）
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formative［ˈfɔːmətiv］adj. 形成的；成长的
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【例】There are some experiences in one’s formative years that are unforgettable.
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refer［riˈfəː］v. 谈到，提及；呈交，托付；查阅，参考
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【例】①It refers to features of communication that takes place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. （2010听力）
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②refer to 提到；提交 The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. （2002）// The case was referred to the court of law.
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【派】reference（n. 谈到；参照；附注；证明书；推荐人）
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impromptu［imˈprɔmptjuː］adj. / adv. 即席的（地），即兴的（地）
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【记】联想记忆：im（使） + prompt（即时的） + u→即时演说→即席的
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【例】When Morris is suddenly asked to speak impromptu, his nerves begin to flutter.
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acumen［əˈkjuːmen］n. 敏锐，聪明，洞察力
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【记】词根记忆：ac（尖，锐利） + u + men（名词后缀）→敏锐
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【例】The leader was respected by many people due to his political acumen.
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issue［ˈiʃjuː］n. 发行物，（报刊）期号；问题，议题，争论点；（水、血等）流出，放出；河口，出口 vt. （报刊等）发行，发布；排出，（使）流出；分配
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【例】①To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at some of the issues in research paper writing, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to choose a topic. （2005听力）
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②A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that “although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing with the issue.”（2009）
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mandate［ˈmændeit］n. 授权，命令；委托统治权 vt. 将（某地）委托某国管理；命令（某人）做某事
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【记】词根记忆：mand（命令） + ate→命令
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【例】①After protracted consideration the national government had decided to ask a mandate from the people.
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②The workers are mandated by the union to proceed with strike action.
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