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【记】词根记忆：para（超） + mount（登上）→超过登上巅峰的→至高无上的
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【例】Man is a rebel. He is committed by his biology not to conform, and herein lies the paramount reason for the awful tension he experiences today in relation to society. （2001）
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【用】固定搭配(be) paramount to表示“高过，优于”。
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substantiate［səbˈstænʃieit］vt. 证实，证明
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【记】词根记忆：sub（下面） + st（站立） + antial→站在下面→证明
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【例】No evidence has been found to substantiate the words of the witness.
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【派】substantive（adj. 实质的；重要的）
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ineffectual［ˌiniˈfektʃuəl］adj. 无效的，徒劳无功的；不能干的
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【记】词根记忆：in + ef（表加强） + fect（做） + ual→做不出东西→无效的
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【例】The psychologist was really ineffectual in helping me deal with my problems.
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fastidious［fæˈstidiəs］adj. 吹毛求疵的，爱挑剔的，难以取悦的
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【记】联想记忆：fast（绝食） + idious（=tedious，乏味的）→因乏味而绝食→挑剔的
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【例】The manager is so fastidious with both employees and their behavior.
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scoff［skɔf］v. 嘲笑，嘲弄；狼吞虎咽 n. 嘲笑，嘲弄的话；笑柄
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【例】①No, he scoffed; there wasn’t anything he wouldn’t scoff at.
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②I left three pies in the fridge and someone’s scoffed the lot!
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【用】scoff作“嘲笑”讲常与at搭配，后面接嘲笑的对象。
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nurture［ˈnəːtʃə］vt. 养育，教育；培育，培植
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【记】词根记忆：nur（营养） + ture→提供营养→培育
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【例】①Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life. （2004）
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②He recently criticized “greedy” universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to “nurture good students”. （2008）
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consist［kənˈsist］vi. 由…组成，由…构成；在于，存在于
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【记】词根记忆：con + sist（站）→站在一起→由…构成
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【例】①The classroom can prepare for, draw on, and imitate the challenges of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges. （2004）
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②Her beauty consists largely in her kind heart.
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