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【记】联想记忆：g + ripe（成熟的）→成年人容易抱怨→发牢骚
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【例】Jack always gripes about the weather.
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tamper［ˈtæmpə］vi. 篡改；干涉
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【例】The man who tampers with the contract will be sent to police office to wait disposal.
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【用】tamper一般与with搭配构成tamper with，是“干涉，篡改”的意思。
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hamper［ˈhæmpə］vt. 阻碍，妨碍
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【例】Our progress was hampered by the sudden rain.
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【用】hamper通常指限制行动上的自由。
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hapless［ˈhæplis］adj. 不幸的，不走运的
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【记】词根记忆：hap（运气） + less→没有运气的→不走运的
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【例】But it is a fallacy to assume this means “higher ticket prices or higher taxes” for the “hapless Asian air traveller” if he travels on JAL. （1999）
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【用】与unfortunate意思相同。
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mar［mɑː］vt. 破坏，毁坏，糟蹋掉
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【例】Fowler’s handling of this unexpected accident could make or mar his performing career.
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temper［ˈtempə］n. 心情；脾气，性情，气质；（钢等物质的）硬度、韧度，回火度 vt. 回火，锻炼；（使）软化，调剂，缓和
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【例】①My supervisor is an Asian-American, who is addicted to smoking and drinking and who has a short temper. （1997）
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②The high daytime temperatures on the coast are tempered by cooling sea breezes.
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【用】词组be in a good temper是“心情好”的意思，lose one’s temper是“发脾气”的意思，get into a temper则表示“发怒”。
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【派】temperament（n. 气质，性情，禀性）；temperamental〔adj. 气质（上）的；生来的；神经质的，变化无常的〕
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And gladly would learn, and gladly teach.
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勤于学习的人才能乐于施教。
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——英国诗人 乔叟（Chaucer, British, poet）
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