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heterogeneous, diverse in character; composed of diverse elements.
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homogeneous, consisting of parts all of the same kind; uniform.
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cramping traditions, customs or beliefs handed down that are difficult to accept and therefore hinder progress.
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immigrants, persons who come into a country. Those who leave a country are known as emigrants.
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a dual patriotism, a double or twofold patriotism. The immigrants to America are still loyal to their mother country, the country that they have left behind them, and at the same time they have come to be loyal to America, the country of their adoption. This being loyal to two countries at the same time is called dual patriotism.
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inculcation, impression; learning; acquiring.
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Old World, Europe and England; different from the New World, which is America.
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instill, infuse; develop gradually.
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herd domination, control as determined by the large mass of people. The word herd is here used in a contemptuous sense, implying that such domination is not desirable.
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Questions
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l. Compare traditional Chinese education with that of Athens in its best days. What are the great differences between the two civilizations?
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2. Why is the traditional education of China not suited to the modern world?
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3. What is the aim in Japanese education?
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4. What is the defect with the Japanese type of education?
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5. What is the aim of the English type of education?
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6. What defect do we find with this English system?
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7. What task has the American public school system successfully achieved?
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8. What two advantages has America had?
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9. What three difficulties confront American schools?
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10. What should the teacher love better, his children or the state?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《教育的目的》一文选自伯特兰·罗素所著《教育与美好生活》，后收入沃尔特·李普曼及阿兰·内文斯编写的《现代读本》，由波士顿的D. C．赫斯出版公司1936年出版，473—477页。
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【作者简介】
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伯特兰·罗素（1872—1970），现称罗素伯爵，英国记者、公共演说家、政治思想家。1918年曾在北京大学发表演讲。在游历、讲学与研究苏俄、中国、美国和欧洲文明的过程中，详细描绘了他对人类未来的思考——并在《通往自由之路》《教育与美好生活》，以及《工业文明之将来》三本著作中深入浅出地阐述了这一思考。他主张将工业主义与休闲、个人自由和艺术修养结合起来，认为如果人类可以建立三个基石，就可以轻而易举地建立起这种新型文明：首先，更加公平的商品分配；第二，消除战争；第三，接受稳定但缓慢增长的人口水平。
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