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“priest’s hole,” a secret place of worship, necessary in times of religious persecution.
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lost Atlantis, a mythical island in the west, beyond the Pillars of Hercules （Gibraltar, at the western entrance into the Mediterranean Sea）, mentioned by Plato, Pliny, and other ancient writers, and said to have been sunk beneath the ocean by an earthquake. Lord Bacon has written a “New Atlantis” in which a British vessel is carried by contrary winds to the lost Atlantis.
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Utopia, the ideal state proposed by Thomas More （1478-1535）, in a book entitled “Utopia.” The word Utopia has been applied to all the pictures of ideal states created by social philosophers and visionaries.
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Dogberry, the stupid constable in Shakespeare’s “Much Ado About Nothing.”
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Messina, in northeast Sicily, Italy, where the action of this Shakespearean play takes place.
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Julius Cæsar, the great Roman general, statesman, and writer （100-44 B.C.）.
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laurel crown, worn by only those Greek and Romans who have won distinction, and worn as a sign of distinction.
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he had had losses in his hair; in other words, Cæsar was partially bald-headed, and he tried to arrange his laurel crown so that it concealed the bald spot on his head.
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the sons of Jacob . Consult the Bible, the Book of Genesis, Chapters XLII-XLVI for the whole of this story.
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audacities, qualities of being daring, adventurous, bold.
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adolescence, youth, or the period between puberty and maturity.
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as Saint Paul asked of the Galatians, see the Bible, the Book of Galatians, Chapter V, verse 7.
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Walt Whitman （1819-1892）, American poet. In 1855 the first edition of his “Leaves of Grass” appeared, which met with very little critical approval because of its frankness and its unconventional verse form. But his influence on later generations of poets was incalculable, not only by releasing poetry from accepted traditions, but by immensely expanding the thematic material.
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Spontaneous Me, the individual acting without external stimulus but wholly from an inner impulse or energy.
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spontaneous switchman on the railway, switchmen on railways must obey orders as to which switch to open and when, otherwise trains will be sent crashing one into another. A spontaneous switchman, one who opens switches as and when he pleases without regard to orders from those above him who know better, would be a menace to the traveling public.
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temperamental, nervous; characterized by a strongly marked physical or mental character, especially artistic or nervous; liable to peculiar moods.
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playgrounds, used figuratively here to mean opportunities for indulging our other selves, just as playgrounds are provided for children to play in and expend their excess energy.
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confines, limits; boundaries; demands.
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Sabbath, in the Jewish calendar, the seventh day of the week, observed by Jews and Christians as a day of rest and worship. The Christians call the Sabbath Sunday.
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The Declaration of Independence, the American Declaration of Independence, when the Americans, on July 4, 1776, declared themselves to be free and independent of Greet Britain.
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inalienable, incapable of being estranged or taken away from them.
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Prussian militarists, referring to the Prussian military leaders who controlled the destiny of the German nation previous to the Great World War which broke out in 1914.
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the Kaiser, William II （1859-1941）, king of Prussia and Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to 1918 when, at the close of Great World War, he was forced to abdicate. Later he lived in retirement in Holland. The German word Kaiser and the Russian word Czar come from the Latin word Cæsar , originating with the imperialistic designs of Julius Cæsar.
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Questions
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1. What is the author’s purpose in the first nineteen lines?
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