1705042006
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Windhorst, leader of the Center Party, formed of Catholics and Clericals, in the Reichstag. Richter , leader of the South German Popular Party in the Reichstag.
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political maxims, political principles then held in highest respect.
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behind the red flag of Communism. Had Bismarck been born of the poorer classes, he would have become one of the leaders of social revolt to-day.
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flattery and craft as in the school of Metternich . Metternich （1773-1859）, Austrian statesman, minister of foreign affairs for Austria from 1809. The period 1815-1848 has been called “the age of Metternich,” for during this time he was not only master of Austria, but chief arbiter of Europe. His skilful diplomacy depended upon his adroit use of flattery. His system depended upon political and religious censorship, espionage, and the suppression of revolutionary movements.
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saw him in the true perspective, saw him as he really was;understood him well.
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His blood, his descent; his lineage; his ancestry; his aristocratic ancestry.
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young Freddy, Frederick the Great （1712-1786）, king of Prussia from 1740-1786.
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“Herr Junker,” a young German noble or squire, especially a member of the Conservative Aristocratic Party in Prussia.
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mummified prejudices of the nobility, the preconceived judgments or opinions of the nobility that had been adhered to all these years although they were antiquated and out of fashion.
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the Hohenzollerns, the family name of the then ruling family in Prussia. Frederick I （died 1400） acquired the margraviate of Brandenburg and built up the real greatness of the family. For 500 years （down to 1918, when the Kaiser had to abdicate in Germany） the Hohenzollerns ruled, gradually building up a powerful state. Frederick the Great, by his victory over Austria in 1740, made Prussia a major power. He is perhaps the greatest of the Hohenzollerns.
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had tenanted the realm longer than they, had lived in Germany as a family longer than the Hohenzollern family.
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truncated, cut off at the top or end.
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nihilism, a name first applied by Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons （1862）to the theory held by many Russian revolutionists that it was necessary to destroy existing economic and social institutions, whatever was to be the nature of the better social order for which the destruction was to prepare.
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transvaluations, changing values.
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fifty years later, to-day.
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inveterately, deep-rootedly; habitually; pronouncedly.
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interleaved, bound with blank sheets inserted between other leaves of the book.
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fealty, faithfulness to one’s lord; fidelity.
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bit the golden chain, rebelled against his royal master. All through, Ludwig keeps up the comparison of Bismarck with his mastiffs.
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not his going, but his way of going, Bismarck and the new Kaiser had come into open conflict over many matters; Bismarck was determined to embarrass the Emperor; the Emperor was as determined to humble the aged imperial chancellor; Bismarck finally resigned. He refused to accept any favors from the throne.
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intransigence, refusal to compromise; refusing to be reconciled, to be agreeable or to remain a faithful follower.
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liegeman, sworn or faithful follower.
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winced, shrank as from a blow; drew back; hesitated.
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twenty-eight years Bismarck had governed, from 1862 to 1890，when Bismarck’s resignation was asked for.
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1705042055
twenty-eight years after, from 1890 to 1918, the end of the World War.
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