打字猴:1.705046367e+09
1705046367
1705046368 举头望明月,
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1705046370 低头思故乡。
1705046371
1705046372 Before my bed
1705046373
1705046374 There is bright moonlight,
1705046375
1705046376 So that it seems
1705046377
1705046378 Like frost on the ground.
1705046379
1705046380 Lift my head,
1705046381
1705046382 I watch the bright moon,
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1705046384 Lowering my head,
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1705046386 I dream that I’m home.
1705046387
1705046388 (Arthur Cooper译)
1705046389
1705046390 Arthur Cooper的译文基本上做到了对原诗内容的忠实,或者说达到了“意美”的境地,但是,若是着眼“形美”或“音美”,遗憾即出。原诗四句拆成八句,而且原诗固有的由平仄和尾韵构成的很强的乐感荡然无存了。
1705046391
1705046392 相比之下,许渊冲的译文则更好地传达了原诗的“形美”和“音美”:
1705046393
1705046394 Abed, I see a silvery light,
1705046395
1705046396 I wonder if it’s frost aground.
1705046397
1705046398 Looking up, I find the moon bright;
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1705046400 Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
1705046401
1705046402 light / bright, aground / drowned两对尾韵,何等悦耳!如此乐感,加上措辞本身的美,就自然而然地把读者引入诗的意境。
1705046403
1705046404 1.5 拟声
1705046405
1705046406 英语构词的第一理据是拟音(Echoism / Onomatopoeia),这些词语模仿各种声音,使声音与意义联动,给人以耳闻目睹、亲临其境的真实感。拟声词使声义协调,音义俱备,语言的文学性跃然纸上。这种声音与意义的联动,使人赏心悦耳,增强了语言的注意价值和记忆价值。
1705046407
1705046408 英国启蒙运动时期著名诗人亚历山大·蒲伯(Alexander Pope, 1688~1744)曾说:“The sound must seem an echo to the sense.”(声音应该反映意义。)〔6〕这是拟声词的真实写照。
1705046409
1705046410 Charles Dickens在A Tale of Two Cities一书中有如此描写:
1705046411
1705046412 With a wild rattle and clatter, and an inhuman abandonment of consideration not easily understood in these days, the carriage dashed through streets and swept round corners, with women screaming before it, and men clutching each other and clutching children out of its way.
1705046413
1705046414 此句之美,美在音韵。开头两个并列的拟声词(rattle and clatter),气氛得以有效渲染,故事得以有效铺垫。紧接着,又是几个声感极强的词,如screaming / clutching / clutching,表达了高低不同的声音,透过无声的文字听到了有声的世界:妇女们由于惊吓发出刺耳的尖叫,男人们则因用力拽人而发出低沉的声音;各种声音交织在一起,立体的展现在我们面前,把19世纪初英国伦敦街头惨景推向揪心的境地。我们读到如下译文:
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1705046416 一辆马车在大街上奔驰,掠过一个个拐角,响起一阵阵狂乱的嗒嗒声,全然不顾行人的死活,这个架势,在今天看来很难令人理解。一路上,妇女们在车头前惊叫着,男人们互相抓扶着,并且把小孩子从车道上拖开。
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