打字猴:1.705047296e+09
1705047296 父亲:好吧,你去吧,先生。无论发生什么情况,你都应该履行你该履行的职责。对于弗吉尼亚来说,你是一个叛徒,弗吉尼亚没有你,会照样前进。你我两人如能有幸活到战争结束的时刻,我们再进一步探讨这个问题。至于你的母亲,诚如医生已经通知你的那样,正处于最危急的时刻;情况再理想,她能同我们呆在一起的时间也不会多于几周。因此,这段时间极其宝贵,最好别再打扰她了。
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1705047298 略作比读,读者再次感到:大词美,英语的强项,却是汉语之弱项。
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1705047300 3.1.6 传递幽默
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1705047302 大词和小词,或不同语域的词出现在同一句子中,或同一上下文中,将造成一种错乱中的幽默之美。
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1705047304 在语言运用中,语域(register)的选择依赖以下几个因素:说话人和受话人的关系(tenor)、说话内容(field)、交际方式(mode)。当其中的某一条与另外一条相互冲突和矛盾时,就制造出了一种特殊的幽默和滑稽,产生出特殊的语用价值。
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1705047306 马克·吐温在名著A Tramp Abroad(《国外旅行记》)中描绘的车夫形象令人难忘,自诩“车夫之王”的车夫驾着狂奔若飞的马车,一路吆喝不止。尽管一路险象环生,车夫在他大声吆喝中居然还字斟句酌,遣词大雅。如:
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1705047308 …their dust rises far before us, you shall see it fade and disappear far behind us. Rest you tranquil… Behold!
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1705047310 Ah, you perceive? It is as I have said.
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1705047312 …and observe,it is as I have said.I am he.
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1705047314 ……他们在我们前面很远的地方扬起灰尘,我会让你们看见那灰尘被我们远远地抛在后面,直至消失不见。你们放心吧……看我的!
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1705047316 啊!你们看出来了吧?正如我所说的。
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1705047318 ……仔细看看吧,正如我说的一样,我就是车夫之王。
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1705047320 且不说句中的Rest you tranquil和I am he等文绉绉的表达。句中的三个大词behold, perceive, observe就值得读者玩味一番。他们都是庄重文雅的书面语用词。粗犷豪放的车夫竟以elegant variation(优雅变异)运用三个大词,他们含义接近,又避免了重复,具有鲜活风趣的表达力。一介车夫,谈吐何以如此儒雅?细心的读者不难察觉,这与该游记中的以下表达存在着内在的联系。如:
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1705047322 The “king” was as good as his words.
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1705047324 …if his majesty had been a slower artist…
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1705047326 …would bend a majestic look over his shoulder at us…
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1705047328 车夫在幽默大师马克·吐温笔下被称为king, his majesty,其表情又如此majestic,那么,车夫的谈吐又岂可不雅?这些庄重典雅的语言相映成辉,车夫嗜酒而得意忘形,放纵而无所顾忌,这些都巧妙增添了游记诙谐浪漫的魅力。
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1705047330 3.1.7 传递反讽
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1705047332 欧·亨利在叙述贫困潦倒的瘪三索比寻觅冬日栖息地时,也大词用尽:
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1705047334 Soapy’s mind became cognizant of the fact that the time had come for him to resolve himself into a singular Committee of Ways and Means to provide against the coming rigour.
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1705047336 The hibernatorial ambitions of Soapy were not the highest. In them there were no considerations of Mediterranean cruises, of soporific Southern skies or drifting in the Vesuvian Bay. Three months on the Island was what his soul craved.
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1705047338 索比体会到为了应付面临的严冬,他参加单人筹措委员会的时刻到了。
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1705047340 索比对冬日蛰居并不抱奢望。他全然不会想到去地中海游弋,或者向往南国那催人欲眠的天气,更不会想到维苏威海湾去游泳。他衷心祈求的只是到岛上的监狱去呆上三个月。
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1705047342 按理,写瘪三的困苦使用平直而又简朴的词句即可,而欧·亨利却偏偏叠用大词(cognizant, resolve himself, rigour, hibernatorial ambitions, his soul craved 等等),然而,华美大词的堆砌,并不让读者感到做作和俗不可耐。相反,华妍遣词,反讽了尽享人间奢华的上层社会;大词美词,撩拨了读者对索比的困苦的怜惜。
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1705047344 3.1.8 传递肃穆
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