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英语中的平行结构是一种富有表现力的修辞方法。结构相同、意义并重、语气一致的词组或句子排列成串，其目的在于增强语势，提高表达效果。汉语排比多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更严密、更透彻；用排比抒情，可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。如：
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故不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深溪，不知地之厚也；不闻先生之遗言，不知学问之大也。（《荀子·劝学》）
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此句三个分句，均由“不”字引导，各分句句式完全相同，语气完全一致，意义不断递进。三个分句一字排开，结构平行对称；视觉上的匀称平衡，听觉上的韵律悦耳，有“壮文势，广文义”之效。汉语称之为“排比”修辞格。
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英语的Parallelism（平行结构），作为一个常见的结构修辞格，就是追求语言整饬美的典范，与汉语的“骈四俪六”异曲同工。
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parallelism一词，源自希腊语parallëlismos，意为alongside one another（一个与另一个并排着）。parallelism是指一种平行结构（parallel structure）由结构和意义相似的短语或句子平行并列构成。但在实际运用中，构成Parallelism的成分并不仅仅限于短语和句子两个语言单位。International English Usage对Parallelism作了详尽的阐述〔17〕：
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In ordinary expository prose, parallelism can be regarded as a type of coordination, linking elements that are already logically connected. Thus an adjective is paralleled to another, a noun to a noun or a verb to a verb, a phrase to a phrase, and a clause to a clause.
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由此，我们可以认为，Parallelism并不仅局限于含并列连词and, or, both… and…, either… or…, not only… but also…的句子，它实际指两个或两个以上在意义上关联、互补与照应，在结构上平行排列的语言单位，这些语言单位不仅外形结构对称，而且其语法功能也相同。
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4.1.1 parallelism的常见形式
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·词的平行排列（a series of words）
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a. Galileo studied, taught and experimented. （动词平行，作谓语）
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b. He thought everybody lived far too elaborately, expensively, and anxiously. （副词平行，作状语）
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c. He spent much of his life in the rich, lazy, corrupt Greek city of Corinth. （形容词平行，作定语）
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d. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country. （名词平行，作主语）
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·短语的平行排列（a group of phrases）
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a. Gorki himself was a man of such great courage, of such deep simplicity and of such intense honesty. （介词短语平行，作定语）
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b. Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students. （动名词短语平行，作主语）
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c. I like to be up first in my own camp, to wake the cook myself, to shave while he boils the kettle and then to call the rest of the company with a warm cup of coffee. （不定式短语平行，作宾语）
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d. Roger led the way through the castle, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. （现在分词短语平行，作状语）
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e. Dentists advise brushing the teeth after each meal and avoiding too much sugar in the diet. （动名词短语平行，作宾语）
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·从句的平行排列（a row of clauses）
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a. A number of New Yorkers have been driven from the city by fear; by the feeling that they are besieged and that if they venture too far from their neighborhoods they will be mugged or, worse, murdered. （同位语从句平行）
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b. If you write or if you telephone, wait for two weeks until I return from Singapore. （状语从句平行）
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c. My employer informed me that I would be sent to Hong Kong and that I should make arrangements to leave in about two weeks. （宾语从句平行）
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d. When the green leaves become yellow gradually, when the yellow leaves leave twigs and fall down slowly, when the fallen leaves cover the footpath, we know that fall is here with us. （状语从句平行）
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e. A friend is a person with whom you may be sincere, to whom you are attached by affection, and from whom you learn things about life and yourself. （定语从句平行）
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