1705047455
parallelism一词，源自希腊语parallëlismos，意为alongside one another（一个与另一个并排着）。parallelism是指一种平行结构（parallel structure）由结构和意义相似的短语或句子平行并列构成。但在实际运用中，构成Parallelism的成分并不仅仅限于短语和句子两个语言单位。International English Usage对Parallelism作了详尽的阐述〔17〕：
1705047456
1705047457
In ordinary expository prose, parallelism can be regarded as a type of coordination, linking elements that are already logically connected. Thus an adjective is paralleled to another, a noun to a noun or a verb to a verb, a phrase to a phrase, and a clause to a clause.
1705047458
1705047459
由此，我们可以认为，Parallelism并不仅局限于含并列连词and, or, both… and…, either… or…, not only… but also…的句子，它实际指两个或两个以上在意义上关联、互补与照应，在结构上平行排列的语言单位，这些语言单位不仅外形结构对称，而且其语法功能也相同。
1705047460
1705047461
4.1.1 parallelism的常见形式
1705047462
1705047463
·词的平行排列（a series of words）
1705047464
1705047465
a. Galileo studied, taught and experimented. （动词平行，作谓语）
1705047466
1705047467
b. He thought everybody lived far too elaborately, expensively, and anxiously. （副词平行，作状语）
1705047468
1705047469
c. He spent much of his life in the rich, lazy, corrupt Greek city of Corinth. （形容词平行，作定语）
1705047470
1705047471
d. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country. （名词平行，作主语）
1705047472
1705047473
·短语的平行排列（a group of phrases）
1705047474
1705047475
a. Gorki himself was a man of such great courage, of such deep simplicity and of such intense honesty. （介词短语平行，作定语）
1705047476
1705047477
b. Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students. （动名词短语平行，作主语）
1705047478
1705047479
c. I like to be up first in my own camp, to wake the cook myself, to shave while he boils the kettle and then to call the rest of the company with a warm cup of coffee. （不定式短语平行，作宾语）
1705047480
1705047481
d. Roger led the way through the castle, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. （现在分词短语平行，作状语）
1705047482
1705047483
e. Dentists advise brushing the teeth after each meal and avoiding too much sugar in the diet. （动名词短语平行，作宾语）
1705047484
1705047485
·从句的平行排列（a row of clauses）
1705047486
1705047487
a. A number of New Yorkers have been driven from the city by fear; by the feeling that they are besieged and that if they venture too far from their neighborhoods they will be mugged or, worse, murdered. （同位语从句平行）
1705047488
1705047489
b. If you write or if you telephone, wait for two weeks until I return from Singapore. （状语从句平行）
1705047490
1705047491
c. My employer informed me that I would be sent to Hong Kong and that I should make arrangements to leave in about two weeks. （宾语从句平行）
1705047492
1705047493
d. When the green leaves become yellow gradually, when the yellow leaves leave twigs and fall down slowly, when the fallen leaves cover the footpath, we know that fall is here with us. （状语从句平行）
1705047494
1705047495
e. A friend is a person with whom you may be sincere, to whom you are attached by affection, and from whom you learn things about life and yourself. （定语从句平行）
1705047496
1705047497
·句子的平行排列（a series of sentences）
1705047498
1705047499
a. We shall fight him by land; we shall fight him by sea; we shall fight him in the air.
1705047500
1705047501
b. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in recourses.
1705047502
1705047503
c. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
1705047504
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.705047455e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]