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I knew my command of English was my asset, for I might make a deal with a pianist who would give me access to his piano in exchange for English lessons.
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上句共计31个单词,而Connectives(黑体字)有7个,占全句的23%!英语表达之美,由此衍生。而相应的汉译则可全然不顾这些Connectives。如译:
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我懂英语,我知道这就是我的本钱,我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助,我教他英语他教我钢琴。
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汉语重意合,无需Connectives,疏放流散,却别具韵味。在汉译英的过程中,若是对英语的形合美,或曰逻辑美,知之甚少,或不善运用,那么,其英译将乏味。试比较:
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我们过了江,进了车站。我买票,他忙着照看行李。(朱自清《背影》)
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a. We entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage.
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b. We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage.
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后译比前译多用了一个Connective,其英语味也更浓郁!除了英语味之外,英语表达使用了Connectives,貌似遣词有所增加,其实,表达却更趋精练。
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5.2 时态(Tense)
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英语重时体,汉语轻时体。
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英语学习者长期以来惯于从语法视角观察英语时态,其实,说到底,时态问题,也是一个逻辑问题。逻辑欣赏条分缕析,反对胡子眉毛一把抓。逻辑总有逻辑的美,令表达精当,叙述准确。以汉语为母语者,会觉得英语的时态烦,不善准确传递英语的时态意义,更说不上领会其中的微妙口吻。如:
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It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do. (Helen Keller: “Three Days to See”)
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原句运用一般现在时(live)及完成体(have lived)细微而又精确地说明了两类人,即those who live in the shadow of death和those who have lived in the shadow of death。不识此美者的译文是:
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大家看到凡是起死回生的人或者幸免一死的人,他们对所做的任何事情,总是兴趣盎然。
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唉!“起死回生的人”与“幸免一死的人”,不是一回事吗?
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人们已经注意到大凡正受到死亡威胁的人,或是死里逃生的人,对于他所干的事情总是兴趣盎然。
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值得一提的是,英语的时态,又并非仅仅具有表达时间的精确美,它还别具口吻美。如:
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You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom.
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在日常生活中你可以发现,那些专爱打听别人闲事的人们,往往记忆力很差,而且,通常他们实际上都是些蠢家伙。
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You will have noticed…系英语的一个常用口语句型,基本跟时间无涉,其含义委婉而又礼貌。大概意思是:你也许已经注意到了……。因为,英语“情态动词+完成体”常表示对过去,即说话之前已经发生的事情做某种推测。另如:
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a. Sorry to be so late. You will have been waiting for some time.
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b. You will have heard about it by now.
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英语的现在进行时更是别具口吻功能。如:
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He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people. (表示赞扬)
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他总是考虑如何为人民做更多的事。
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