1705053482
Under his feet country paths crisscrossed, and crowing of roosters and barking of dogs could be heard around.
1705053483
1705053484
“黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐”一句，译文2将之译成and all of them, whether old people with white hair or children with their hair tied in a knot, were happy and content with themselves。译笔不可谓不细腻矣。从“黄发”到“垂髫，一一译出——with white hair; hair tied in a knot。其实，如此译文吃力不讨好。何谓“黄发”？《高级汉语大词典》解释为：“黄发指老人。老人发白，白久则黄。”何谓“垂髫”？《高级汉语大词典》解释为：“古时儿童不束发，头发下垂，因以‘垂髫’指儿童。”
1705053485
1705053486
由此可见，死抠字眼的翻译，并不可取。将“黄发”到“垂髫”，译成white hair和hair tied in a knot，仅仅是一种机械的表层转换。翻译美学告诉我们，译得模糊一点，也许更接近原文，也许更美。译文1可资参考。
1705053487
1705053488
改译：
1705053489
1705053490
Under his feet country paths crisscrossed, and crowing of roosters and barking of dogs could be heard around. Men and women working in the fields were all clad in outfits of exotic style, while the elderly and the little both seem to enjoy themselves.
1705053491
1705053492
6．见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来，具答之。便要还家，为设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。
1705053493
1705053494
译文1．The people were amazed to see the fisherman, and they asked him from where he had come. He told them in detail, then the people invited him to their home, set out wine, butchered a chicken, and prepared a meal. Other villagers heard about the fisherman, and they all came to ask him questions.
1705053495
1705053496
译文2. Seeing the fisherman, they were greatly amazed and asked him where he had come from. He answered all their questions, and then they invited him to their homes, where they put wine before him, killed chickens and prepared food in his honor. When the other people in the village heard about the visitor, they too all came to ask questions.
1705053497
1705053498
汉语并不注重彰显句子内部的逻辑关系，句与句之间没有或很少表示逻辑关系的连接词，上句即是一例。因此，汉语又称“意合语言”，以汉语为母语者的语言悟性就特别敏锐。比如，“便要还家，为设酒杀鸡作食”。其间，无须任何连接词，读者明白，所谓“设酒杀鸡作食”，肯定在“家”中，而英语在表达如此意思时，就得添加一个where，以示地点。如译2的and then they invited him to their homes, where they put wine before him, killed chickens and prepared food in his honor,一个where，用得何其精彩，其英语味便浓郁起来。
1705053499
1705053500
又如，“村中闻有此人，咸来问讯”英语在表达如此意思时，就得添加一个when，以示时间。如译2的When the other people in the village heard about the visitor, they too all came to ask questions。
1705053501
1705053502
由此可见，汉译英中的表层转换，也不可忘记英汉两种语言的表层差异。
1705053503
1705053504
相比之下，译文1就略嫌逊色。须指出的是，译文2的n his honor，庄重有余，难合语境，不如略作调整。
1705053505
1705053506
改译：
1705053507
1705053508
The fisherman was then spotted by a villager, who was greatly amazed and asked where he had come from. The fisherman replied in detail. Then the villager invited him to his home, where he poured wine and prepared chicken to treat him. When the rest of the village heard about the visitor, they flocked over with all kinds of questions.
1705053509
1705053510
7．自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉。遂与外人间隔。
1705053511
1705053512
译文1. Then the villagers told him, “To avoid the chaos of war during the Qin Dynasty, our ancestors brought their families and villagers to this isolated place and never left it, so we’ve had no contact with the outside world.”
1705053513
1705053514
译文2. They themselves told him that their ancestors had escaped from the wars and confusion in the time of the Qin Dynasty. Bringing their wives and children, all the people of their area had reached this isolated place, and had stayed here ever since. Thus they had lost all contacts with the outside world.
1705053515
1705053516
“邑人”被分别译成villagers和all the people of their area，似也欠当。所谓“邑”，泛指一般城镇。历来有“大曰都，小曰邑”之说，宋朝的苏洵在其《六国论》中就写道：小则获邑，大则获城。据此，“邑人”还是译成town folk为宜。
1705053517
1705053518
译文应经得起逻辑的细推慢敲。若对原句的深层结构缺乏洞悉，其表层转换则可能误入歧途。比如译文2的Bringing their wives and children, all the people of their area had reached this isolated place就犯了“眉毛胡子一把抓”之逻辑病，原句中的“妻子邑人”乃并列关系，译文却理解为“率妻子，邑人来此绝境”。非也。
1705053519
1705053520
改译：
1705053521
1705053522
He was also told by the villagers that their ancestors brought their families and town folks to this isolated land while seeking havens in the troubled times of the Qin[3]. They never went out again, and had since lost contact with the outside.
1705053523
1705053524
Translator’s Notes:[3]221-206 B. C.
1705053525
1705053526
8．问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。
1705053527
1705053528
译文1. They asked the fisherman what the present reign was. They were not even aware of the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and the Jin. The fisherman told them everything he knew in great detail, and the villagers were amazed and heaved sighs.
1705053529
1705053530
译文2. They asked what dynasty it was now. The Han they had never heard of, let alone the Wei and the Jin. Point by point the fisherman explained all he could of the world that he knew, and they all sighed in deep sorrow.
1705053531
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.705053482e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]