1705053549
1705053550
译文2. Afterwards all the rest invited him to their homes, and all feasted him with wine and food. He stayed there several days and then bade them goodbye; before he departed these people said to him, “Never speak to anyone outside about this!” So he went out, found his boat and went back by the same route as he had come, all along the way leaving marks.
1705053551
1705053552
细细品读，可发现“此中人语云：‘不足为外人道也。’既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之”隐含转折，“此中人”让渔人为他们保守秘密，岂料，他却“心怀叵测”，一出山洞，就处处留下标记！遗憾的是，以上两译皆未能将此隐含的转折明示，英语是形合语言，如此涵义之转折，务必以明显的逻辑标记（如but）明示。
1705053553
1705053554
由此可见，不知英汉各自的美，连表层转换都难以转换好。
1705053555
1705053556
此外，“不足为外人道也”一句，两译皆作字面转换，即表层转换，而以英语为母语者就会觉得此译不合其表达习惯，因为请对方保守秘密时，英语有现成的表达：It is wise not to tell.
1705053557
1705053558
改译：
1705053559
1705053560
Afterwards all the rest invited him to their homes, where they all treated him to wine and meals. Several days later, the fisherman was about to leave. Upon farewell, the villagers said to him, “It is wise not to tell.” When out, he found his boat and followed the route he had come by, but leaving marks on his way back.
1705053561
1705053562
10．及郡下，诣太守说如此。太守即遣人随其往。寻向所志，遂迷不复得路。
1705053563
1705053564
译文1. Upon his arrival at the prefecture town he went to the prefect and told him what had happened. The prefect immediately sent a person to follow the fisherman and look for the trail markers, but they got lost and never found the way.
1705053565
1705053566
译文2. When he got to the provincial town he called on the prefect and told him all about his experience. The prefect at once sent men to go with him and follow up the marks he had left. But they became completely confused over the marks and never found the place.
1705053567
1705053568
英译汉，译文往往该简不简，或架床叠屋，或拖泥带水。似乎有必要疾呼“删繁就简三秋树”。汉译英，译文往往该繁不繁，或骨瘦如柴，或粗枝大叶。似乎有必要学习“添叶吐蕾二月花”。究其原因，也许可归结到这样一个客观事实：“东方人和西方人的思想方式有基本分歧。我人重综合、重归纳、重暗示、重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘惟恐不尽，描写惟恐不周。”（傅雷语）
1705053569
1705053570
汉译英，即从一种“重暗示、重含蓄”的语言到一种“挖掘惟恐不尽，描写惟恐不周”语言的过渡。这种过渡必然包含措辞由简入繁的变化。
1705053571
1705053572
从这一点出发，表层转换乃汉译英之大敌。
1705053573
1705053574
据笔者观察，若是在上句英译添加以下三处斜体字，也许，便可略添其英语味。
1705053575
1705053576
改译：
1705053577
1705053578
Once back in town, he visited the governor and reported to him his journey. The latter immediately sent people to go back with him, following the marks he had left behind. However, in the end they lost their way and never found the place again.
1705053579
1705053580
11．南阳刘子骥，高尚士也；闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。
1705053581
1705053582
译文1. Liu Ziji of Nanyang was a person of noble character. When he heard this story he was happy and planned to visit the Shangri-la, but he died of illness before he could accomplish it. After that no one else ever looked for the place.
1705053583
1705053584
译文2. Liu Ziji, a scholar of high reputation from Nanyang, heard of this and enthusiastically offered to go out with the fisherman to try again. But he fell ill and died before realizing his plan. After that no one went any more to look for the way.
1705053585
1705053586
刘子骥，东晋隐士，性好山水，曾入衡山采药，深入忘归。据此，将“高尚士也”译成a person of noble character（如译文1），或是a scholar of high reputation（如译文2），皆表层转换之典型。原文中的“高尚士也”，主要是讲此君性好山水，有探险精神。
1705053587
1705053588
译文1的planned to visit the Shangri-la〔6〕，值得研究。
1705053589
1705053590
首先原句含蓄，“欣然规往”省略了宾语，英译为何要译出宾语，且使用一个现代名词呢？其实并非一无是处。原句隐去的部分，英译为何不顺势隐去呢？
1705053591
1705053592
改译：
1705053593
1705053594
Liu Ziji of Nanyang, a scholar of noble taste, readily planned an excursion to the place upon hearing the story. Before he was anywhere close to the destination, illness claimed his life. After that, no one made the same attempt again.
1705053595
1705053596
改译英译全文如下：
1705053597
1705053598
Peach Blossom Spring
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.705053549e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]