打字猴:1.705053812e+09
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1705053813 petrify: to cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden.
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1705053815 callous: emotionally hardened; unfeeling: a callous indifference to the suffering of others.
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1705053817 人生旅途上,有人背负着名利急急奔走,有人回归自然,飘逸而行。
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1705053819 a. On the road of life, some run hurriedly with the burden of fame and interests on their shoulder, while others come back to the nature and lead an easy and free life.
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1705053821 b. On the road of life, some one is burdened with fame and interests and goes in a hurry; some one returns to the nature and walks elegantly.
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1705053823 c. In their journey through life, some people hurry on with a heavy heart in pursuit of fame and gain, while others go with an easy grace, enjoying themselves in harmony with nature.
1705053824
1705053825 行文至此,是否可以得出这样的结论:所谓英译过简者,十之八九为做表层转换的直译。“有人背负着名利急急奔走”的英译便是一例。译a和译b几乎如出一辙:some run hurriedly with the burden of fame and interests on their shoulder / some one is burdened with fame and interests and goes in a hurry。
1705053826
1705053827 何谓“背负着名利”?背负在追名逐利的思想包袱也!以汉语为母语者,并不难从“背负着名利”中演绎出如此理解,然而,要一个native speaker从with the burden of fame and interests on their shoulder / burdened with fame and interests 演绎出with a heavy heart in pursuit of fame and gain的理解就有点强人所难了。对with the burden of / burdened with略作语法分析,就能察觉在指“名利在身”者,这与汉语原句所蕴涵的信息距离很大。
1705053828
1705053829 比较之下,译c确实繁了许多,但是,some people hurry on with a heavy heart in pursuit of fame and gain准确译出了“追名逐利之徒”的言外之意。
1705053830
1705053831 同样,译a和译b对“回归自然”也做了简单的表层转换:come back to the nature / returns to the nature。这里的“回归自然”与“背负着名利急急奔走”存在着潜在的比照。尤其是“自然”二字,有多种解释,应谨慎揣摩。这里的“自然”并非指“自然界”(nature / the natural world),而是指“任其自然地发展,不刻意干预”(naturally / in the ordinary and natural course of events / in harmony with nature)。译c的理解是正确的,其英译(while others go with an easy grace, enjoying themselves in harmony with nature)搭准了原句的脉搏。
1705053832
1705053833 总之,汉译英的由简入繁不仅仅是一个表达习惯的问题,而是折射了诸多深层次的问题,比如中西文化之异、中西思维之异以及汉语和英语各自具有的特色。若能从宏观上对这些问题有所把握,在汉译英的过程中,心中会更有底,下笔也会有神。
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1705053838 翻译美学 [:1705043590]
1705053839 翻译美学 第三章 科技文章翻译实践与评析
1705053840
1705053841 翻译美学 [:1705043591]
1705053842 1 遣词——三种美学境界
1705053843
1705053844 科技文章之行文,必定一本正经,严肃有余,而活泼不够;科技文章之遣词,也必定不苟言笑,理论艰深,而文采不足。这是常人的猜想。
1705053845
1705053846 事实绝非如此。科技文章照样讲究文采,遣词亦颇具别样的境界,细究之下,似可将其分为三类:借、转、破。三种遣词境界,如路边野花,给可能单调的行文平添几分“野趣”;如林中奔泉,给可能乏味的陈述抹上些许亮色。科技文章的沉滞文风,为之一扫。于是,阅读便成为享受,翻译也充满兴味。
1705053847
1705053848 现对“借”、“转”、“破”的三种境界做一浅析。
1705053849
1705053850 所谓“借”,既是将普通词汇借入行业术语。尤其在科技领域,“借”的作用更是得到了淋漓尽致的发挥,信手借得的词汇占去所有科技新术语的半壁江山。试以例析。software(软件)与hardware(硬件)是新兴IT行业中的两个基本词汇。稍加分析便可发现,它们原来都是旧瓶装新酒,借自于普通词汇。software自然是soft和ware两个单词构成,而hardware则早在计算机诞生之前便已存在,只不过当时是用来指“五金器具”罢了。再来看看生物技术。众所周知,expression意为“表达”,但在遗传学中,它却是一个规范的术语——“(基因)显现”。
1705053851
1705053852 对于译者来说,应当充分认识到借入容易译出难的事实,挣脱原有思维定势的束缚,对打上科技烙印的借入词汇应当谨慎处理。
1705053853
1705053854 借,是英语科技词汇的一门艺术,一种境界。仔细参透,多加领悟,必会对科技文章的翻译实践有所裨益。
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1705053856 所谓“转”,即使用英文单词的转义。众所周知,英语词汇的一大特点便是:喜“转”,善“转”。英语词汇之转义,简直是竭泽而渔。若不善识别科技文章词汇的转义,译笔则趋艰涩。如:
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1705053858 All of these disciplines have changed so much in recent years that I cannot imagine people climbing over departmental walls and specialty boards so easily.
1705053859
1705053860 上句的climbing over departmental walls and specialty boards文采斐然,只缘两个单词(walls和boards)使用了转义。wall的本义是“墙壁”,而在上句中则转义为“屏障”。board也同样舍其本义(木板、厚板材),而取其转义(此时,board需要复数形式):“舞台”。
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