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如此转义，尽显英语之灵动！它转得曲径通幽，转得以汉语为母语者眼花缭乱！汉语，虽然也使用词的转义，但是，数量稀少，寥若晨星。汉语固守词汇之本义，在如此语言环境中长大的莘莘学子，当然也就死抱词汇的本义不放。于是乎，将wall译作“居宅墙”、“重要部门”的人有之，把boards译成“布告牌”、“委员会”的亦不乏其数。
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译笔何等尴尬！若谙习英语词汇之转义，就能将上句轻松译出：
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所有这些学科在近年来变化如此之大，我真难以想象我们何以能够轻易地跨越科学的高墙和不同的专业舞台。
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语体有正式（Formal Style）与非正式（Informal Style）之别。再细分，前者含庄严体（Frozen Style）与正式体（Formal Style）；后者含商议体（Consultative Style）、随意体（Casual Style）及亲密体（Intimate Style），即马丁· 乔思所谓的“五只钟”。大而言之，科技英语之语体当总体定格在“五只钟”的第二只钟——正式体。
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文章应当选择合适的语体，恰如其分地展现其承载的风格，这样，才能实现亚里士多德所言的“切题”。但我们也应看到，违反风格有时也是一种高明的修辞手段，它泛见于各类文学作品。让我们始料不及的是，科技英语也不甘“袖手旁观”，喜用违反风格原则的特殊修辞手段。当然，和文学作品相比，科技英语在运用此修辞手段时，有自身的特点，那就是在“破”风格原则时，多见向下破位，即从正式体破位到非正式体。
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在一篇分析豆腐营养的科技文章中，出现如此语体“破位”：
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So long, chicken. Hello! Tofu.
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再见，鸡肉。你好，豆腐！
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一“破”，破出英语行文的生动活泼，破出英语读者的喜闻乐见。破，让逻辑与形象共舞，让缜密与生动携手。
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本文欲通过对“Spaceship of the Future”（by Damon Wright）一文译文的逐段分析，来具体探讨科技英语遣词的三种境界及其翻译对策。
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The furthest we have been is the Moon. If we want to travel into deep space, beyond our own backyard, the Solar System, we will need a new breed of spacecraft.
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我们人类迄今所到过的最远的地方是月球。要想穿越地球的后院——太阳系，进入外层空间，我们需要一种新型的宇宙飞船。
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deep space，乃借来的专业术语。deep＋space一旦成为航天术语，便不能从普通词汇的视角去解释，应译作“外层空间”。
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It may be the oldest cliché in town, but in the not too distant future science fiction will turn into science fact. The fantastic spaceships of sci-fi comic books and novels will no longer be a figment of our creative imagination; they may be the real vision of our future.
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“飞天”，也许是城里人老掉牙的传说。但在不久的将来，这些科幻小说中的故事将化为科学的事实。科幻连环图画杂志和小说中各式各样奇特怪异的宇宙飞船，将不再只是人类创造性的空想，它们有可能成为未来的真实景象。
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cliché者，“陈词滥调”也。在科技文章中出现此词，足显作者纵横的笔力，语体上这一句也极为口语化，特别是其中的may not be so far away。语体向下破格的情况非常显见。译文应尽量保留这种语体破格的口吻：冷冻活人可能不是遥远的事情。
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Engineers and designers are already designing craft capable of propelling us beyond Earth’s orbit, the Moon and the planets. They’re designing interstellar spaceships capable of travel across the vast emptiness of deep space to distant stars and new planets in our unending quest to conquer and discover. Our Universe contains over a billion galaxies, star cities each with a hundred billion inhabitants. Around these stars must exist planets and perhaps life. The temptation to explore these new realms is too great.
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工程师和设计者已在着手进行飞船的设计工作，这种飞船能将人类送离地球轨道以及月球和九大行星以外的太空。他们正在设计能穿越浩瀚的外层空间，到达遥远恒星和带外行星的星际飞船，以帮助人类实现不断征服和揭开宇宙奥秘的追求。整个宇宙拥有十亿多个河外星系，一个河外星系，就是一座星城，每座星城有“居民”上千亿颗。在这些恒星周围必定有行星存在，或许，还有生命存在。探索这些未知的领域实在太具吸引力了。
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上文中的star cities和inhabitants均属浅显形象的表达，系破格遣词。如此遣词，化深为浅，变枯燥为生动，大大增强了表达效果。翻译时，能直译就直译。同时，也应兼顾灵活变通的处理手法。比如，inhabitants直译“居民”即可，但最好添加引号。
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First things first—we’ll have to build either a giant orbiting launch platform, far bigger than the International Space Station (ISS), or a permanently manned lunar base to provide a springboard for the stars. Some planners feel we should limit ourselves to robotic probes, but others are firmly committed to sending humans. “There’s a debate right now about how to explore space,” says astronaut Bill Shepherd, destined to be the first live-aboard Commander of the ISS. “Humans or machines—I think they are complementary.”
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重要的事情先来。我们必须建造一座巨型的轨道发射台，其规模要远大于国际空间站，或者，建造一个长期驻人的月球基地，作为飞往周围恒星的“跳板”。一些设计者认为，我们应控制在机器探测的限度内，而其他设计者则坚决主张将人送入太空。“目前正在就如何探索太空的问题展开辩论，”宇航员比尔·谢泼德如是说。他被任命为国际空间站首任驻站指挥官。“人或机器——我认为两者是相辅相成的。”
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本段的springboard系“转”的典型，使用了名词springboard的转义。springboard的本义是“跳板”。而其转义为“出发平台”（starting platform）。值得考虑的是，翻译时，是保留本义，让读者意会其转移，还是直接译出转义？这是一个非常有趣的问题。看来，不宜一刀切。作者使用springboard的目的是为了简化和形象，译者何乐而不为呢？故将springboard译成“跳板”。
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The human problem
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人类的问题
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Space is the most hostile environment we will ever explore. Even a single five-hour spacewalk requires months of training, and a vast technical backup to keep it safe. The astronauts and cosmonauts who live aboard the ISS will be there for only a few weeks or months; if we want to travel into deep space it could take years. First we’ll have to find out just how long the human body can survive in a weightless environment. In zero gravity, four pints of body fluid rush from the legs to the head where it stays for the duration of the mission. Astronauts often feel as if they have a permanent cold, and disorientation can become a major problem. In space there’s no physical sensation to let you know when you’re upside down and astronauts have to rely on visual clues from their surroundings. A few hours after reaching orbit, one in three of all astronauts will experience space sickness—a feeling rather like carsickness. And weightless conditions lead to calcium being leached from the bones, and problems with the astronauts, immune systems.
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