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分析完辩题后，双方辩手们就可以用他们的分析所得来组织发言，支持或反对辩题了。尽管演讲与辩题分析的内容和思路不一定相同，但辩题分析中所涉及到的观点对于之后将要提到的构建立论框架、支持或反对辩题很重要。
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4.6 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 4
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Check your memory and comprehension by describing or defining these key terms and concepts:
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· Stock issues
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· Stock issues for a value motion
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· Criteria
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· Stock issues for a policy motion
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4.7 Discussion Questions for Chapter 4
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· What is the difference between defining ambiguous terms and interpreting a motion for debate?
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· What is the basic difference between a value motion and a policy motion?
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· What is the basic standard for what constitutes a “reasonable” interpretation of a motion?
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4.8 Exercises for Chapter 4
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· Exercise 1:
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Divide debaters into groups of two and give them three to five general topic areas (economy, environment, public safety, etc.). Ask the debaters to phrase two motions for each topic area, one value motion, and one policy motion.
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· Exercise 2:
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Divide debaters into groups of two and ask them to analyze one of the value motions and one of the policy motions created in the previous exercise. Debaters should analyze the background, type, definition and interpretation, and potential issues of each motion.
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Notes
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1Gaokao is pinyin for College Entrance Examination in China.
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2 See for instance, Hill, Bill and Richard W. Leeman. The Art and Practice of Argumentation and Debate. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities, 1996.; Johannesen, Richard L. Ethics in Human Communication. 4th ed. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press, Inc., 1996. ; Jonsen, Albert R., and Stephen Toulmin. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley: the University of California Press, 1988. ; Stafford, Charles, ed. Ordinary Ethics in China. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
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3 For an example of an early utilitarian thinker, see Bentham, Jeremy. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: Clarendon Press, 1789.
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4 See for instance, Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
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