1705133640 5 Of course, the counter argument is that by enhancing one’s own educational and employment prospects, one is diminishing these same prospects of other students who do not cheat.

1705133641

1705133642 6 Zigelmueller and Kay also include a 5th stock issue of jurisdiction which has been omitted as is not relevant to WorldsStyle debate.

1705133643

1705133644

1705133645

1705133646

1705133647 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 [:1705132345]

1705133648 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Part TwoWorlds-Style Debate

1705133649

1705133650 Part Two presents a cursory description of the specific format used in Worlds-Style debate. To accomplish that interplay between reading the textbook information and performing debates, students should begin immediately to discuss the topics from the textbook with their debate colleagues while also participating in debate tournaments. Chapter 5 explains the format of Worlds-Style debate, providing information on such as how many debaters serve on a team, how many teams engage the debate, the order in which speakers present, how speeches are timed, and so on. Chapters 6 and 7 explain how to construct arguments, first for the First Government Team and then for the First Opposition Team. Chapters 8 and 9 cover Member Speeches and Whip Speeches. Even as students are completing Part Two, they may wish to attend tournaments where they will begin to apply the concepts they have studied.

1705133651

1705133652

1705133653

1705133654

1705133655 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 [:1705132346]

1705133656 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 5Worlds-Style Debate as a Model of Educational Debate

1705133657

1705133658 Robert Trapp and Yang Ge

1705133659

1705133660 Chapter Outline

1705133661

1705133662 5.1 Parliamentary Systems and Worlds-Style Debate

1705133663

1705133664 5.2 Worlds-Style Debate Format

1705133665

1705133666 5.3 Responsibilities for Speakers in Worlds-Style Debate

1705133667

1705133668 5.4 Summary

1705133669

1705133670 5.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 5

1705133671

1705133672 5.6 Discussion Questions for Chapter 5

1705133673

1705133674 5.7 Exercise for Chapter 5

1705133675

1705133676 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 [:1705132347]

1705133677 5.1 Parliamentary Systems and Worlds-Style Debate

1705133678

1705133679 Educational debate is usually modeled on some legislative system such as a congress or a parliament. In some cases, it is based on a legal model. The format of educational debate on which this book will focus is modeled on debate in parliamentary systems of government and is called Worlds-Style debate and sometimes, not surprisingly, British Parliamentary debate. This format is the most popular form of educational debate in the world. Beyond its popularity, it has been chosen as the format for this book for a variety of reasons. First, Worlds-Style debate is a lively and energetic format involving four teams of two people not only giving persuasive speeches, but also interacting with each other through questions and comments throughout the debate.1 Second, Worlds-Style debate is a format in which students can practice a variety of advocacy skills ranging from argument construction to refutation to organization to delivery. Third, because each Worlds-Style debate involves four two-person teams, eight people have the opportunity to actively participate in each debate. Eight participants stand in contrast to the two to four people who participate in other forms of debate. So, for educational and practical reasons, Worlds-Style debate provides an excellent format for educational debating and for that reason, is the focus of this book.

1705133680

1705133681 The Parliament of the United Kingdom, on which Worlds-Style debate is most closely modeled, consists of members of various political parties. Currently the major parties in the British Parliament are the Conservative Party, the Liberal Democrats, and the Labour Party. Sometimes, one party or the other will hold a majority of seats and, therefore, will be able to better control the outcome of debates and of policy in general. In other situations, no party may hold a majority, and a coalition may arise wherein two or more parties agree to cooperate in order to achieve a majority of the seats in the Parliament. The most recent coalition was after the 2010 general election. The Conservatives, led by David Cameron, which had won the largest number of seats, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to gain a parliamentary majority. The coalition has not been particularly cooperative, but they have formed a majority to control the government.

1705133682

1705133683 In the British Parliament, the party or parties that command a majority of seats (whether a single party or a coalition) are generally referred to as the Government. The party or parties in the minority are referred to as the Loyal Opposition. As stated earlier, the parliamentary form of government including both the Government and the Loyal Opposition is the model on which the educational style of debate called Worlds-Style debate is based.

1705133684

1705133685 A Worlds-Style debate consists of four teams arguing two different sides of a motion2. The motion is ordinarily presented to the four teams between fifteen and thirty minutes prior to the beginning of the debate. That time is referred to as preparation time. During that time, each team needs to think about how they will approach the debate.

1705133686

1705133687 Two of the four teams are assigned to represent the Government and the other two teams are assigned to represent the Opposition. Whatever the motion, both Government Teams are expected to support the motion, making sure that the two Government Teams’ arguments are consistent with one another even though the arguments may be different. In other words, the two Government Teams are expected to support a similar position even though their reasons for doing so may differ. Similarly, the two Opposition teams are expected to argue against the motion in ways that are consistent with one another although their arguments also may be different.

1705133688

1705133689 To extend the analogy between the kind of debate that actually occurs in the British Parliament and the kind of educational debate called Worlds-Style debate, assume that the two teams from the Government side consist of persons from a coalition government consisting of, say, the Conservative and the Liberal Democrats. In our analogy, those two parties have formed a coalition in order to maintain a majority. Other parties might be a part of the loyal opposition, say, the Labour Party along with the Democratic Unionist Party. Imagine that a bill is being proposed in the Parliament and that the Government, in this case a coalition of Conservative and Liberal Democrats, supports the bill. Those two parties may both support the bill, but they may do so for different reasons. Similarly, the Labour Party and the Democratic Unionist Party may oppose the bill although for different reasons. In this situation, the two Government parties remain loyal to one another by providing support for the bill. Similarly, the two opposition parties are loyal to one another in opposing the bill.

[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.70513364e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]