打字猴:1.705230207e+09
1705230207 [7]G. Dieterlen,“Signe d’écriture bambara,”cité par Geneviève Calame-Griaule,Ethnologie et langue:la Parole chez les Dogons,Gallimard,1965,p.514,516.
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1705230209 [8]G. Calame-Griaule,op. cit.,p.363.
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1705230211 [9]G. Calame-Griaule,op. cit.,p.506.
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1705230213 [10]Tchang Tcheng-ming,L’Ecriture chinoise et le Geste humain,doctorat ès lettres,Paris,1937.
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1705230215 [11]罗曼·雅各布森(R. Jakobson)理直气壮地反对说,“用手指示”并不外延任何具体的“意指”,但是这种反对之声远没有消除“指示”“指向”(我们稍后还要说“指代”)概念对于某种修正符号学理论的意义,这似乎是哈里斯(Harris)和沃格林(Voegelin)在1952年于印第安纳大学召开的人类学家和语言学家研讨会上的意见(cf.“Results of the Conference of Anthropologists and Linguistics”in Supplement to International Journal of AmericainLinguistics,vol. 19,no2,avril 1953,mêm. 8,1953)。
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1705230217 [12]Cf. Tesnière I.,Esquisse d’une syntaxe structurale,P. Klincksieck,1953. Cf. Plus haut,“Le sens et la Mode,”p.80.
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1705230219 [13]中继点是指连接程序中两个阶段或两种功能或两种程序的点。作者假设了指代功能的背景作用,但也不排除中继作用。——译者注
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1705230221 [14]Tchang Tcheng-ming,op. cit.
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1705230223 [15]G. Calame-Griaule,op. cit.,p.237.
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1705230225 [16]马勒(L. Mäll)谈论零度化:把外延甚至在一定符号体系中代表它们的符号压缩为零。(Cf. Tel Quel,32.)
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1705230227 [17]R. Jakobson,Essais de linguistique générale,Ed. de Minuit,Paris,1963,p.42.
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1705230229 [18]“Paralanguage:25 Years after Sapir,”in Lectures in Experimental Psychiatry,ed. by Henry W. Brosin,University of Pittsburg Press.
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1705230231 [19]David Efron,Gesture and Environment,A Tentative Study,Kings Crown Press,New York,1941.
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1705230233 [20]E. Sapir,The Selected Writings of Edward Sapir,University of California Press,Barkeley and Los Angeles,1949.
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1705230235 [21]W. LaBarre,“The Cultural basis of Emotions and Destures,”in The Journal of Personality,16,49-68,1947; The Human Animal,University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1954.
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1705230237 [22]M. Mead,On the Implications for Anthropology of the Geselling approach to Maturation,Personal Caracter and the Cultural Milieu,ed. by D. Harring,Syracuse University Press,1956. Aussi Mead and Bateson,“Balinese Caracter”; Mead M. and Cooke Fr. Macgregor,Growth and Culture,G. P. Putnams Sons,New York,1952.
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1705230239 [23]L. Bloomfield,Language,Hilt.,New York,1933.
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1705230241 [24]H. Spire,Language. An Introduction to the Study of Speech,Harcourt Brace and Co.,Inq.,1921.
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1705230243 [25]George L. Trager and Hary Lee Smith,An Outline of English Structure,Oklohama.
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1705230245 [26]E. Sapir,Selected Writings,pp.535-545 et 544-559.
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1705230247 [27]Ibid.,p.534,cité par R. Birdwhistell in Paralanguage…
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1705230249 [28]萨丕尔:“语词选用中个性得到了广泛地反映”。(Sapir:“La personalité est largement reflétée dans le choix des mots”)
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1705230251 [29]萨丕尔:“在某些团体中永远存在着获取语词并把它们调整为更广泛单位的某种个性的方法,尽管这种方法的发展很可悲。”(Sapir:“Il y a toujours une méthode individuelle quoique pauvrement développée d’arranger des mots dans des groupes et de remanier ceux-là en des unités plus larges”)
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1705230253 [30]Zellig Harris,Methods in Structural Lingustics,University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1951.
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1705230255 [31]Benjamin Lee Whorf,Language Thought and Reality,Technology Press and John Wiley and Sons,New York,1956.
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