1705316570
相比之下，托马斯（Thomas，1983）认为，虽然二语能力强的人容易使跨文化交际获得成功，但是也仍然避免不了会出现“语用语言”和“社交语用和文化”方面的失误；如果他们在交际中出现语用失误，这些失误往往不容易被母语者察觉出来，而一旦被察觉出来，母语者又不会因说话人是非母语者而轻易给予原谅。换言之，这些人由于二语水平高，其语用失误不易引起母语者的注意而往往能够蒙混过关，而正是由于他们二语水平高，容易导致母语者对他们的过高期待，因而一旦察觉了他们的语用失误，就不会视为仅仅是一种非母语者的失误。
1705316571
1705316572
参考文献
1705316573
1705316574
Anton，M.The discourse of a learner-centered classroom：Sociocultural perspectives on teacher-learner interaction in the L2classroom.The Modern Language Journal，1999，83.
1705316575
1705316576
Bachman，L.FundamentalConsiderationsinLanguageTesting.Oxford：OxfordUniversity Press，1990.
1705316577
1705316578
Bardovi-Harlig，K.Exploring the interlanguage of interlanguage pragmatics：A research agenda for acquisitional pragmatics.Language Learning，1999，49.
1705316579
1705316580
Bardovi-Harlig，K.&Z，Dörnyei.Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations：Pragmatic versus grammatical awareness in instructed L2learning.TESOL Quarterly，1998（32）.
1705316581
1705316582
Blum-Kulka，S.Learning how to say what you mean in a second language：A study of the speech act.Applied Linguistics，1982（3）.
1705316583
1705316584
Blum-kulka，S.Playing it safe：The role of conventionality in indirectness.In Blum-Kulka，S.，House，J.&Kasper，G.（Eds.）Cross-Cultural Pragmatics：Requests and Apologies.Norwood，NJ：Ablex，1989.
1705316585
1705316586
Blum-Kulka，S.&Olshtain，E.Requests and apologies：A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns（CCSARP）.Applied Linguistics，1984，5.
1705316587
1705316588
Blum-Kulka S.&Olshtain，E.Too many words：Length of utterance and pragmatic failure.Studies in Second Language Acquisition，1986，8.
1705316589
1705316590
Blum-Kulka，S.House，J.&Kasper，G.（Eds.）Cross-Cultural Pragmatics：Requests and Apologies.Norwood，NJ：Ablex，1989.
1705316591
1705316592
Bouton，F.Across cultural study of the ability to interpret implicatures in English.World Englishes，1988（17）.
1705316593
1705316594
Campbell，R.&Wales，R.The study of language acquisition.In Lyons，J.（Ed.）New Horizons in Linguistics.London：Penguin，1970.
1705316595
1705316596
Canale，M.&Swain，M.Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing.Applied Linguistics，1980，1.
1705316597
1705316598
Cenoz，J.The Intercultural Style Hypothesis：L1and L2interaction in requesting behaviour.Cook，V.（ed.）Effects of the Second Language on the First.Clevedon：Multilingual Matters，2003.
1705316599
1705316600
Cenoz，J.&Valencia，J.Cross-cultural communication and interlanguage pragmatics：American vs.European requests.Pragmatics and Language Learning，1996，7.
1705316601
1705316602
Donato，R.Collective Scaffolding in Second Language Learning.In Lantolf，J.&Appel，G.（eds.）Vygotskian Approaches to Second Language Research.Norwood，NJ：Ablex，1994.
1705316603
1705316604
Dufon，P.The Acquisition of Linguistic Politeness in Indonesian as a Second Language by Sojourners in Naturalistic Interactions.Unpublished Masters Dissertation.Honolulu：University of Hawaii，1999.
1705316605
1705316606
Ellis，R.Learning to communicate in the classroom：A study of two language learners’requests.Studies in Second Language Acquisition，1992，14.
1705316607
1705316608
Ellis，R.The Study of Second Language Acquisition.Oxford：Oxford University Press，1994.
1705316609
1705316610
Ellis，R.Second Language Acquisition.Oxford：Oxford University Press，1997.
1705316611
1705316612
Færch，C.&Kasper，G.Internal and external modification in interlanguage request realization.In Blum-Kulka，S.House，J.&Kasper，G.（eds.）Cross-Cultural Pragmatics：Requests and Apologies.Norwood，NJ：Ablex，1989.
1705316613
1705316614
Hall，J.Differential teacher attention to student utterances：The construction of different opportunities for learning in the IRF.Linguistics and Education，1998，9.
1705316615
1705316616
Hill，T.The development of pragmatic competence in an EFL context.Unpublished dissertation.Temple University，Tokyo，Japan，1997.
1705316617
1705316618
House，J.Developing pragmatic fluency in English as a foreign language：Routines and metapragmatic awareness.Studies in Second Language Acquisition，1996，18.
1705316619
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70531657e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]