打字猴:1.705990823e+09
1705990823
1705990824 (18) J.Jeffrey Franklin,The Lotus and the Lion:Buddhism and the British Empire,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2008,pp.11-12.早期现代很多英国作品中均可发现他们对亚洲的想象,如莎士比亚、培根等人;有关分析亦可参见一本论文集,Debra Johanyak,and Walter S.H.Lim eds.The English Renaissance,Orientalism,and the Ideas of Asia,New York:Palgrave MacMillan,2010.
1705990825
1705990826 (19) 即Introduction àl’Histoire du Buddhisme,此书的英译本业已出版,见Introduction to the History of Indian Buddhism,translated by Katia Buffetrille and Donald S.Lopez Jr.,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2010;英译本书评见Jonathan A.Silk,“A Missed Opportunity,”HR,Vol.51,No.3(Februrary,2012),pp.262-272,对Lopez的导言和翻译进行了批评,认为其导言并未真正指出此书的地位,翻译也没有提供足够的译注以便读者了解此书出版以后的学术进步。有关这一时期佛教史研究的后殖民主义批判亦参见 Richard King,Orientalism and Religion:Postcolonial Theory,India and the Mystic East,London:Routledge,1999,pp.143-160.
1705990827
1705990828 (20) 对东印度公司在梵文研究中所扮演的角色,见Ludo Rocher and Rosane Rocher,The Making of Western Indology:Henry Thomas Colebrooke and the East India Company,London:Routledge,2009,especially chapter six:Paragon of Scholarship(London,1815-1837).
1705990829
1705990830 (21) 有关欧美对佛教的早期研究,亦请参见李四龙:《欧美佛教学术史:西方的佛教形象与学术源流》,北京,北京大学出版社,2009。
1705990831
1705990832 (22) 基彭博格称之为“欧洲诸宗教的早期历史(The early history of the religions of Europe)”,参见Hans G.Kippenberg,Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age,translated by Barbara Harshav,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2002,pp.24-50.
1705990833
1705990834 (23) 有关琼斯的研究很多,这里仅举出较近的琼斯学术评传,见Michael J.Franklin,Orientalist Jones:Sir William Jones,Poet,Lawyer,and Linguist,1746-1794,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2011.
1705990835
1705990836 (24) 该书最初在1808年出版,Friedrich Schlegel,Über die Sprache und die Weisheit der Indier:Ein Beitrag zur Begründung der Altertumskunde,Heidelberg:Mohr und Zimmer,1808;在1849年出版英文版,Friedrich Schlegel,On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians.In the Aesthetic and Miscellaneous Works of Friederick von Schlegel,edited by E.J.Millington,London:Henry G.Bohn,1849.受他影响的书可能包括Robert Turnbull,Christ in History;or the Central Power among Men.Boston:Philips,Sampson,and Company,1857.作者在书中称受到近代学者赫尔德、Bossuet 、维柯等人研究艺术、科学、语言、文学、宗教在人类历史上的地位的启发,也受到F.W.Schlegel 对东方国家的研究的启发。这个Schlegel应该就是梵文学者Schlegel。
1705990837
1705990838 (25) Franz Bopp,über das Conjugationsystem der Sanskritsprache in Vergleichung mit jenem der griechischen,lateinischen,persischen und germanischen Sprache,Frankfurt,1816.
1705990839
1705990840 (26) Lourens P.van den Bosch,Friedrich Max Müller:A Life Devoted to the Humanities,Leiden:E.J.Brill,2002.
1705990841
1705990842 (27) Deputy Taylorian Professor of Modern European Languages.
1705990843
1705990844 (28) Friedrich Max Müller,A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature So Far As It Illustrates the Primitive Religion of the Brahmans.London:Williams and Norgate,1860;Lectures on the Science of Language.London:Longmans,Green,& Co.,1885,new edition;Introduction to the Science of Religion.London:Longmans,Green,& Co.,1899.Jon R.Stone ed.,The Essential Max Müller:On Language,Mythology,and Religion,New York:Palgrave,2002.
1705990845
1705990846 (29) Peter van der Veer,Imperial Encounters:Religion and Modernity in India and Britain,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2001,pp.106-133.
1705990847
1705990848 (30) Monier Monier-Williams,Buddhism:In its Connexion with Brāhmanism and Hindūism,and in its Contrast with Christianity,London:John Murray,1889,p.537.以及Tomoko Masuzawa,The Invention of World Religions,or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism,pp.128-130.
1705990849
1705990850 (31) Tomoko Masuzawa,The Invention of World Religions,or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism,p.136.
1705990851
1705990852 (32) Dictionarium Sacrum Seu Religiosum,即英文版A Dictionary of All Religions,Ancient and Modern,Whether Jewish,Pagan,Christian,or Mahometan.
1705990853
1705990854 (33) Bibliotheca Historico-Sacra,即An Historical Library of the Principal Matters Relating to Religion,Ancient and Modern;Pagan,Jewish,Christian,and Mohammedan.
1705990855
1705990856 (34) A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations,Jewish,Heathen,Mahometan and Christian,Ancient and Modern,1784年出第一版,1817年出第四版。
1705990857
1705990858 (35) The Religious World Displayed,or A View of the Four Grand Systems of Religion,Judaism,Paganism,Christianity and Mohammedanism.Robert Adams 主张:“宗教世界可分为以下四大系统:犹太教Judaism、异教Paganism、基督教、穆罕默德主义Mahommedeism。犹太教期待救世主弥赛亚实现其承诺。异教徒指没有认识到神而仍然崇拜偶像者。基督徒指那些相信救世主已经到来,耶稣基督即是救世主弥赛亚的人。而穆罕默德主义者指那些认为穆哈默德是预言家的人。”见Robert Adam,The Religious World Displayed,or A View of the Four Grand Systems of Religion,Judaism,Paganism,Christianity and Mohammedanism;And of the Various Existing Denominations,Sects and Parties,in the Christian World;To which is Subjoined,a View of Deism and Atheism,Edinburgh:Printed by James Ballantyne for Longman,Hurst,Rees,and Orme,1808,Vol.3;参见Tomoko Masuzawa,The Invention of World Religions,or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,2005,p.49,ft 28.
1705990859
1705990860 (36) A History of All Religions,as Divided into Paganism,Mahometanism,Judaism and Christianity.
1705990861
1705990862 (37) 参见Tomoko Masuzawa,The Invention of World Religions,or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism,p.60.Calmet的书首先在1712年出版,题为Dictionnaire historique,critique,chronologique,géographique et littéral de la Bible:Enrichi d’un grand nombre de figures en taille-douce,qui représent les antiquitez judaïques,Paris:Eméry père Eméry fils,Saugrain äîné,P.Martin,1712;1732年首次被译成英文,在伦敦出版;1827年出了第四版英文版,题为 Grand Dictionary of the Holy Bible:Historical,Critical,Geographical,and Etymological;Wherein Are Explained the Proper Names in the Old and New Testaments;The Natural Productions,Animals,Vegetables,Minerals,Stones,Gems,&.;The Antiquities,Habits,Buildings,and Other Curiosities of the Jews;With a Chronological History of the Bible,the Jewish Calendar,Tables of the Hebrew Coins,Weights,Measures,&.,London:B.J.Holdsworth,1827.
1705990863
1705990864 (38) Immanuel Wallerstein et al.,Open the Social Sciences:Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1996,pp.9-14.
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1705990866 (39) Tomoko Masuzawa,The Invention of World Religions,or How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism,pp.15-18.
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1705990868 (40) Nicolas B.Dirks,“Colonialism and Culture,”introduction to Colonialism and Culture,edited by Nicolas B.Dirks,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1992,p.9.
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1705990870 (41) Guy G.Stroumsa,A New Science:The Discovery of Religion in the Age of Reason,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2010,pp.5-6.
1705990871
1705990872 (42) 比如William Samuel Lilly,Ancient Religion and Modern Thought,London:Chapman and Hall,limited,1885,2nd edition.初版1884.全书一共五章。第一章为现代思想,作者首先分析了叔本华哲学中关于表象和意志的理论,再转入考察其悲观主义,最后引申到近代悲观主义在佛教中的对应,讨论了佛教的无明、四谛、业、获救、涅槃等思想,并比较佛教与叔本华主义,无神论唯物主义中的叔本华主义思想,唯物主义中的洛克实验心理学思想,康德的纯粹理性,虚无主义等。第二章讨论英国近代的一些哲学思想家以及他们和天主教神学的联系。第三章题为诸宗教与宗教,其实主要讨论基督教之外的其他古代宗教,作者将《东方圣书》中包括的主要六种宗教区分为国民宗教(national religion,或称部落宗教tribal religion)和普遍宗教(universal religion),前者有儒教、道教、琐罗亚斯德教、婆罗门教,它们局限在特定人群、部落和人种之中;而佛教与伊斯兰目标在于包容整个人类,可以像基督教一样成为普遍宗教(pp.108-109)。他接着讨论了中国的宗教、孔子及其著作、老子及其著作、麻葛的宗教、《赞德-阿维斯塔》的翻译、波斯人的圣书、琐罗亚斯德及其教义、印度教、《梨俱吠陀》、《奥义书》、《薄伽梵歌》、Gita与Vedanta、佛教、巴利文藏经、佛陀教义、伊斯兰教、穆罕默德的个性、穆斯林神祕主义、伊斯兰苦行主义的创立者、早期苏菲派、苏菲主义与非伊斯兰宗教、苏菲主义的泛神论、基督教与非基督教信条、启示作为普遍而非地方之天赐、基督教传教士之教训等主题。第四章题为自然宗教与基督教。第五章题为物质与精神,主要讨论灵魂与永生。
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